96 



OEGANOGRAPHT AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



cohering edges of a carpellary leaf, and which faces the axis of the flower ; what" is 

 (somewhat improperly) called the dorsal suture (s. dorsalis) is nothing but the median 

 nerve of the carpel, which consequently faces the periphery of the flower. This 

 nerve may be masked by the parenchyma developed from the carpel, as in the Peach; 

 it is usually indicated either by a rib [Columbine) or furrow (Astragalus). The 

 ventral suture may also be indicated by a rib (Pea) or furrow (Peach) . In a many- 

 celled ovary, the ventral sutures, occupying the axis of the flower, cannot be seen 

 externally, and each cell is indicated by a dorsal line or rib; besides which, we 

 generally see, on the walls of the compound ovary and between its dorsal furrows, 

 other sutures, named parietal (suturce parietales), which indicate the union of two 

 septa, or of two parietal placentas (Mallow, fig. 225). In inferior ovaries, those are 

 not sutures which we perceive on the walls of the fruit, but fibro-v'ascular bundles, 

 which belong to the calyx-tube according to some, to the receptacular tube 

 according to others (Currant). In this case, the calyx-limb often crowns the fruit 

 in the form of teeth (Fedia, fig. 216), or bristles (Scabious, fig. 229), or a pappus 

 (Dandelion, fig. 222), or a crown (Pomegranate, Medlar). 



Accessory Organs. — The style sometimes remains upon the ovary, and grows with 

 the pericarp as it matures; it forms a flattened beak in the Radish and Rocket 

 (fig. 506), a feathery tail in Pulsatilla and Clematis. The receptacle, which in some 

 cases adheres to the ovary, necessarily forms a part of the fruit ; such is the recep- 

 tacular tube which encloses the carpels in Apples, Pears, Quinces, Medlars, White- 

 beam, Aza/role, Haws, &c. ; such is also the receptacle of the Strawberry (fig. 507) 

 which, though almost dry at first, gradually enlarges, becomes fleshy, and encloses 

 the ovaries in its crimson parenchyma ; it is not then the pistil alone, but the enlarged 

 receptacle which is prized in the strawberry, and which is usually regarded as the 

 fruit ; the carpels of the strawberry are insipid, and crack under the teeth, and the 

 little black styles appear as dry deciduous threads. In the Fig (fig. 158), a fleshy 

 receptacle encloses innumerable minute flowers, the 

 lower female, the upper male. 



Exuvias. — The name 

 exuviae (induvioe) has 

 been given to the per- 

 sistent withered remains 

 of the calyx or corolla, 

 or sometimes of the 

 andrcecium, which per- 

 sist around the fruit 

 but do not adhere to 

 it; in Campanula (fig. 

 544) the corolla withers 

 and persists on the calyx; in the Mwrvel of Peru the base of the petaloid perianth 

 envelops the ovary, and resembles one of the integuments of the seed; in the 

 Winter Cherry (fig. 608) the whole calyx persists, enlarging enormous'ly, and 

 enclosing the ovary in an inflated coloured bladder. In the Rose (fig. 609), the 



606. Rocket. 

 Fruit. 



607. Strawberry, 

 Fruit. 



508. Winter Clierry. 



Fruit shown by the removal 



of half the calyx. 



