THE FEUIT. 



99 



always form a wliorl {OolumUne, fig. 497; Peony, fig. 613 ; Galtha, fig. 511), or head 

 {Trollius, fig. 515).— 2. The legume (legumen) is a follicle opening into two valves bj 



:J A 



519. Peach. 

 Fruit cut vertically. 



523. "Wood Anemone. 

 "Whole achene and 

 achene cut vertically. 



523 bis. Cornflower. 

 Fruit (mag.). 



524. Kanunculus. 

 Achenes 

 in a head. 



626. Oat. 



Fruit (mag.). 



o, ovary ; 



T, testa ; 



R, G, c, embryo ; 



A, albumen. 



its dorsal and ventral sutures {Pea, fig. 616). Some Leguminosm have spirally twisted 

 fruits [Lucerne, fig. 517) ; of others the fruit is indehiscent and one-seeded, hence a 

 true achene [Trefoil) ; of others it is a lomentum, i.e. the legume is contracted at 

 intervals into many cells by transverse septa ; when ripe, the fruit separates through 

 the septa of the cells into one-seeded joints [Coronilla, Sainfoin, fig. 518) ; other 

 legumes are vertically more or less perfectly two-celled, by the in- 

 flexion of the dorsal [Astragalus, fig. 391), or ventral siiture [Oxytropis) . 

 — 3. The drupe [drupa) is indehiscent, usually one-seeded, with a fleshy 

 mesocarp, and stony or bony endocarp [Peach, fig. 519; Cherry, fig. 

 520; Apricot, Plum, Almond, Walnut). Acini are the small drupes 

 forming the fruit of the Raspberry and Bramble, &c. (fig. 521). — 4. The 

 simple berry only differs from the compound berry by originating in a 

 solitary carpel [Berheris, Arum, fig. 622). — 5. The achene [achenium) 

 is dry, indehiscent, with a single free seed (not adhering to the 

 pericarp) ; it is solitary in the Cornflower (fig. 523 bis) and Dandelion; 

 agglomerated in the Ranunculus (fig. 524), Anemone (fig. 523), Rose, 

 (fig. 525), and Strawberry (fig. 401). The utricle [utriculus) is an achene with a very 

 thin and almost membranous pericarp [Scabious, Amaranth, Statice). — 6. The 

 caryopsis [caryopsis) is dry, indehiscent, with a single seed adhering to the pericarp 

 [Wheat, Maize, Oat, fig. 626). 



Syncarpous Fruits. — 7. The capsule [capsula) is dry, one- or many-celled, and 

 dehiscent; it is plurilocular and septicidal in St. John's Wort (fig. 527), Scrophularia 

 (fig. 528), Mullein, Colchicum (fig. 529), Salicaria (fig. 530) ; loculicidal in Lilac, Lily, 

 Iris (fig. 531) ; septifragal in Datura (fig. 532), septicidal emd loculicidal in Digitalis 

 and Linum catharticum. " The valves of the unilocular capsule are placentiferous at 

 the edges in Gentian (fig. 533) ; placentiferous at the middle in Heartsease (fig. 534) 

 and Willow (fig. 635). The capsule of Orchis (fig. 536) opens into three valves 



H 2 



