102 



ORGANOGRAPHY AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



indehiscent fruit. Li Myagram perfoUatum (fig. 554), tlie silicule contains only one 

 seed, which occupies its lower half, and pushes up the septum; the two upper cells 

 are empty. In plurilocular capsules, the name cocci {cocci) has been 

 given to one- or two-seeded carpels, which separate (often elastically), 



and carry the seeds with them, but 



usually leave the placentas attached to a central column {Cneorum, Fraxinella, 

 Euphorhia, Geranium, Mallow). In Euphorbia this central column consists of the 

 placentas, and three double plates, which are portions of the septa, of which the 

 other portions were carried away by the dehiscence of the valves. 



In Geranium (fig. 555) the five carpels separate elastically upwards, and roll 

 over upon themselves ; the central column consists of the placentas and the edges of 

 the carpellary leaves. In Mallows, the septa of the ten to fifteen carpels split, but 

 the carpels do not wholly separate from the column ; a considerable portion of the 

 septa adhering to it. In Fraxinella (fig. 556) the five carpels separate completely, 

 and leave no column. 



The fruit of Angelica, JEthusa (fig. 657), and other Umhelliferce is a capsule 

 with two one-seeded cells, divided by a narrow septum ; its two carpels separate 

 like cocci, and remain suspended at the top to the filiform axis or prolongation of 



the receptacle. Most botanists 

 consider this fruit to be composed 

 of two achenes ; but achenes are 

 apocarpous fruits, and this fruit, 

 being syncarpous, constitutes a 

 true two-celled septicidal capsule, 

 of which the only opening to the 

 carpels is a narrow cleft, pre- 

 viously occupied by a filiform axis. 

 The fruit of the Bugle (fig. 558) is 

 composed of four one-seeded lobes, 

 which separate when ripe, often 

 called achenes and nucules ; but 

 the fruit ot Borraginece and Labiatw 

 is now considered to be formed 

 of two carpels, each distinctly two-lobed, and containing two seeds ; this is obvious 

 in Cerinthe (fig. 659). It has been demonstrated that in the very young buds of the 



660. Maple. Fl-ult. 



