192 IV. MAGNOLIACE^. 



raphe ventral. Achenes numerous, included in the receptacular tube, accrescent, 

 herbaceous, sub-fleshy, ovoid or oblong. Seed solitary, upright ; testa membranouis. 

 Embeto exalbuminous ; cotyledons foliaceous, convolute ; radicle superior. 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. 

 Chimonautlius. Calycanthiis. 



The affinity of Calycanthets with Myrtaaets will be pointed out in the description of the latter. They 

 also approach Granatecs in their coloured calyx, the number and insertion of the- stamens, the carpels 

 enclosed in the receptacular tube, exalbuminous embryo, convolute cotyledons, woody stem, generally 

 opposite leaves and terminal flowers ; they are distinguished by their apetalous flowers, extrorse anthers, 

 free and one-ovuled o-variea, and dry fruit. They have also some affinity with Monimiaceee, from their 

 apetalous flowers, two-seriate calyx, numerous stamens inserted on the calyx-throat, numerous free 

 ovaries inserted on the inner wall of the receptacular cup, one-celled and one-ovuled anatropous ovules, 

 simple styles, woody stem and opposite leaves ; but in Monimiacecs the flowers are diclinous, the perianth 

 is calycoid, the ovule is pendulous, the fruit is a drupe and the embryo small in a copious albumen. 

 Finally, Calycanthus has been compared with Rosa; but its four-angled stem, opposite exstipulate 

 leaves, sterile stamens and extrorse anthers readily distinguish it, 



Calycanthits, of which two species are known, inhabits North America ; Chimonanthus grows in Japan. 

 Calycanihece are aromatic, and the bark of Calycanthus floridus is used in America- as- a stimulating tonic. 



IV. MAGNOLIACEJ^.. 



(MAGifOLi^, Jussieu. — Magnoliace^, B.G. — Magnolie^ et Wintebe^, Br.) 



Elcwehs § . SEPALS usually 3. Petals 6-oo , free, hypoyynous. Stamens oo, 

 hypogynous ; anthers adnate. Cakpels' usually oo, distinct or coherent, l-celled, l-2-oo - 

 ovuled. Ovules anatropous. ALBtrMBN copious, not ruminate. Embryo dicotyle- 

 donous,' straight, minute, basilar. Stem woody. Leaves alternate. 



Teees or SHETJBS. Leaves alternate, simple, coriaceous, entire or rarely lobed 

 (Liriodendron), penninerved, reticulate, sometimes minutely pellucidly dotted ; 

 stipules membranous, convolute in bud, or opposite, rarely {Drimys, Illicium). 

 Flowees ? , or very rarely incomplete (Tamiannia), usually large, terminal or axil- 

 lary, solitary, rarely racemose or fascicled. Sepals 3, rarely 6, or 2-4, usually 

 petaloid, free, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 6-oo , inserted at the base of a stipiti- 

 form torus, 1-2- co-seriate, imbricate, deciduous. Stamens oo, several-seriate, 

 inserted with the petals ; filaments free ; anthers 2-celIed, adnate, extrorse {Lirioden- 

 dron, Brimys, Illicium), or bursting laterally, or introrse {Magnolia, Talaumd, 

 Mic/ieZm, &c.), dehiscence longitudinal or transverse {Tasmannia). Ovaeies oo or 

 few, sometimes many-seriate in a head or spike, free or rarely coherent {Manglietia), 

 sometimes whorled at the top of the receptacle {Illicium), always l-celled ; styles con- 

 tinuous with the ovary, stigmatiferous within and near the top ; ovules on the 

 ventral suture, either 2, collateral or superimposed {Magnolia, Liriodendrmi), or 

 more and 2-seriate {Michelia, Manglietia) ; pendulous, rarely erect at the base of the 

 cell, and solitary {Illicium), anatropous. Eetjit various: carpels subpedicelled, free 

 or coherent, either 2-valved and capsular, with dorsal or ventral dehiscence {Mag- 



