XXXVI. MALVACE^. 281 



its outer surface; anthers reniform, simple, 1-celled, opening in 2 valves by a semi- 

 circular slit ; pollen echinulate. Otaet sessile, composed of 5 or more carpels, rarely 

 3-4, sometimes whorled around a more or less developed central axis, sometimes 

 dilated at the top, sometimes attenuated into a column, free or connate, sometimes 

 agglomerated into a liead ; styles terminal, united below, stigmatiferous at the top 

 {Abutilon, Hibiscus, &c.), or throughout their length [Malva, Lavatera, Malope, &c.) ; 

 ovules one or more on the ventral angle of each carpel, campylotropous or semi- 

 anatropous, sometimes ascending or horizontal, with a ventral or superior raphe 

 [Gallirhoe), sometimes pendulous with a dorsal raphe (Sida). Fkttit of several free 

 cocci, or septicidally splitting into cocci which are indehiscent or ventrally dehiscent, 

 sometimes a loculicidal capsule^ with 6, 3, or several septiferous valves ; very rarely 

 fleshy {Malvaviscus). Seeds reniform; testa crustaceous, usually wrinkled, sometimes 

 hairy {Gossypium, Fugosia, Hibiscus), rarely pulpy; albumen mucilaginous, scanty or 0. 

 Embeto curved; cotyledons foliaceous, plaited, or variously contorted; radicle next 

 the hilum, inferior in the ascending seeds, bent upwards in the pendulous ones. 



Teibe I. MALOPE^. 



Calyx involucelled, or rarely naked. Carpels numerous, l-celled, 1-ovuled, joined 

 into a capitulum, separating from the axis when ripe. 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. 

 * Malope. 'Kitaibelia. *PalaTa. 



Tribe II. MALVEM. 



Calyx involucelled. Carpels 5-qo , whorled, separating from the axis when ripe, 

 or united into a capsule with several cocci. 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. 

 * Althaea. * Lavatera. * Malva. * Sphseralcea. *Pavonia. "Goethea. 



Tribe III. HIBISGEJE. 



Calyx involucelled. Carpels 3-5-10, united into a loculicidal capsule, rarely inde- . 

 hiscent {Thespesia), or berried {Malvaviscus). 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. 

 'Hibiscus. •Malvaviscus. *Lagunaria. * Gossypium. 



Tribe IV. SIBEM. 



Calyx naked. Carpels 5-oo , rarely 1-2 {Plagianthus), whorled, united into a 

 loculicidal capsule of many cocci. 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. ' 



*Sida, * Abutilon. * Plagianthus. 



