292 XXXVIII. TILIACB^. 



Tbibe I. Browklowie^. — Sepals connate into a 3-6-fid cup. Anthers usually globose 

 or didymous, cells at length confluent at the tips. Brownlowia, Benga, Ghristiana, &c. 



Teibe II. Grewie^. — Sepals distinct. Petals pitted at the base. Stamens inserted at 

 the top of the torus ; anthers short ; cells parallel, distinct. Grewia, Colombia, Triumfetta, 

 Seliocarpus.' 



Teibe III. Tilieje,— Sepals distinct. Petals not pitted at the base. Stamens inserted 

 close to the petals. Entelea, Sparmannia, Corcliorus, Luliea, Mollia, Muntingia, Tilia, &c. 



Teibe IV. Apeibej:. — Sepals distinct. Petals not pitted at the base. Stamens inserted 

 close to the petals ; anthers erect, linear, tipped by a membrane, cells parallel. Olyphcea, 

 Apeiba. 



Series 3. Heteropetaleee. — Petals or sepaloid, or incised, often pubescent, not clawed, 

 valvate, rarely imbricate or contorted. 



Tribe V. Peockibji. — Anthers digynous, subglobose, cells dehiscing longitudinally. 

 Proclcia, Hasseltia. 



Teibe VI. Sloanej:. — Anthers linear, cells dehiscing at the top. Torus flat or turgid ; 

 sepals and petals inserted close to the stamens. Vallea, Sloanea, Echinocarpus, Anilioloma. 



Teibe VII. ELEOCAEPEiE. — Anthers linear, cells dehiscing at the top. Petals inserted 

 around the base of a glandular torus with stamens at its top. Aristotelia, Elceocarpus, Buho^t- 

 zetia, &c.— Ed.] 



Tiliaceis and Elceocarpece, which formerly formed two families, have been xmjted by Endlicher and 

 Bentham and Hooker fil. ; the latter have joined Prockia to them, which was formerly placed in Bixinece, 

 hut fronj which they diiFer in their axile placentation. Tiliacem are connected with the tribe Buttnenea 

 of Sterculicicete by their valvate calyx, their petals which are hypogynous or 0, numerous stamens, fleshy 

 albumen, woody stem, alternate stipulate leaves, and stellate pubescence ; besides which, in Elceocarpece the 

 induplicate base of each petal embraces a group of stamens as in Buttiiemeee, though in Hlaocarpe(B there 

 is further one isolated stamen left opposite each sepal. They are similan|j related to JfafoaceeE, which also 

 differ in their one-celled anthers. They also approach CameUiacece in polypetalism, hypogyny, polyandry, 

 the connate filaments, apical dehiscence of the anthers (observable in the genera Saurauja and Penta- 

 phylax), the several-celled ovary, &c. ; but the valvate aestivation of the calyx separates them. Finally, 

 tliey have more than one point of analogy with CMeenaceie ; but these are distinguished by their imbricate 

 calyx, and especially by the uroeolate filaments. 



Blost Tiliacea: are tropical ; a few inhabit the temperate northern hemisphere, and some are found 

 beyond the tropic of Capricorn. Brotonhwia and the allied genera are tropical Asiatic and African ; 

 Greivia and Corehoiin are natives of the hot parts of the Old "World ; Sparmannia, of tropical and South 

 Africa ; Luliea, of tropical and subtropical America ; Tilia, of Europe, temperate Asia, and North America ; 

 Prochia, Hasseltia, Vallea, Sloanea, of tropical America ; Aristotelia, of Chili and New Zealand ; Elao- 

 carpus, of tropical Asia and Australasia ; Atitholoma and Duhouzetia, of New Caledonia, &c. 



The useful species of Tiliaeeis are rather numerous. The inner bark of Tilia parvifolia and grandifolia 

 (the European Limes) contains an astringent mucilage, which is used in Germany as a vulnerary, and 

 its tenacious fibres are used for making cord ; the sugary sap of their trunk is fermentable and yields 

 an agreeable vinous liq^uor ; their wood is easily worked and affords excellent charcoal ; the flowers, of a 

 balsamic odour, are much used in infusions, and are antispasmodic and diaphoretic, and become astringent 

 when used with the lajge bract which accompanies them. Triumfetta and Sparmannia africana are 

 mucilaginous plants, and used as emollients. Throughout the tropics, the young fruits and leaves of 

 Corchoriis olitoriw, when cooked and seasoned, are used as potherbs ; its seeds are purgative. C. tiidens, 

 acutangulus, and depi-esstis ai-e also eatable, and the Arabs employ their tenacious cortical fibres for making 

 cords or coarse mats. [Jute, the fibre of C. capsularis, has of late become the rival of hemp in the Enghsh 

 market; many thousands of tons being annually imported from India. — Ed.] Grexoia orientalis and 

 microcos are valuable for their aromatic bitter bark and astringent leaves ; the wood of G. elastica is 

 much valued on account of its flexibility, which fits it for bow-making. [The fruits of G. microcos and 

 nm.n&a ara oTatefnl. and extensirelv used fnv sIipvVik): in IVni'tli-wootovn Ti^iHo "Vr„,.;n,,.. «+!■,„,. c«n/.;t,o 



