LXVIL AMPELIDB^. 



349 



also used for dyeing yellow, like that of H. Frangula, a common shrub throughout temperate Europe, the 

 tender and porous wood of which yields a very light charcoal, which is used, like that of Eumiynvas, in 

 the manufacture of gunpowder. The Zyziphi contain in every part astringent and bitter principles ; but 

 in the fruit this bitterness is corrected by a quantity of sugar and mucilage which render them edible. 

 Z. vulgaris, a native of Syria, was imported into Italy towards the first century of our era, and has lono' 

 been naturalized in the south of France ; its drupe is used as an emollient and laxative. The Z. Lokis, 

 the Nabk of the Arabs, is very abundant along the African shore of the Mediterranean ; its pulpy and 

 agreeable fruit vvas very celebrated among the ancients, and is still eaten. [The succulent peduncles of 

 ^oijejMa ete«s are much eaten in China as a fruit. The Qwrna of Brazil is the acrid root of Discaria 

 fehrifiiga. The bitter bark of Coluhrina is said to bring on violent fermentation. The Chinese employ 

 the leaves of Safferetia thecezans as a kind of tea.^ — Ed.] 



LXVn. AMPELIDEJE, 



(ViTES, Jussieu, — Sarmbntace^, Ventenat, — Ampelide^, Kunth. — Vitace^, Lindl,) 



Corolla polypetalous or sub-polypetalous, isostemonous, cestivaUhn valvate. Petals 

 4-6, inserted outside a dish lining the calyx, and surrounding thehase of the ovary. Stamens 



Vine. 

 Vertical section of flower (mag.). 



Vine. 

 Transvei-se section 

 of seed, showing 



the ruminate 

 albnmen (mag.). 





Vine, {Vitis vinifera.) 



Vine 

 Flower without ccroHa (mag.). 



Vine. 



, entire and cut vertically 

 (mag.). 



