LXXV. LEGUMINOS^. 373 



C. cnriacea, of tropical Asia, yields the very astringent pods [called Divi Divi], used in tanning leather. 

 [C. Sappan yields the red Sappan-wood of Eastern India and Oeylon.J 



Castanospermum australe, an Australian tree, yields edible seeds called Australian chestnuts. 



Sopliora tomeniosa. A tree "whose roots and seeds are used in India to arrest choleraic vomiting. 



The flowers of Styphnolobimnjnpomcum are used in China as a yellow dye. 



Myroxylan peruifeinim, a Peruvian [Central American] tree, yields a sweet-smelling liquid balsam, 

 composed of a resin, an oil, and a peculiar acid (cmnamic). M. toluifarum, a Columbian tree, [is supposed 

 to] produce the Balsam of Tola, a similar substance, used in chronic pulmonary catarrh. 



Coumm-ouna [Dipteryx] odoratn, a Guiana tree with very hard and heavy wood, yields Tonquin 

 Beans, which contain a very odoriferous crystallizable principle (cnumarine), and are employed to perfume 

 snuff. 



AtuUra surinamensis, inermin, racemosa, &c., tropical American tree?, contain narcotic-acrid principles, 

 which are emetic, purgative, narcotic and vermifuge. 



Geoffroya vermifuga and spinuhsa, Brazilian trees, of which the seeds possess an acrid and volatile 

 principle, and are used as anthelminthics. 



Dalberyia latifolia [and other species], of Brazil, India, and Africa, afford Rosewood, as do many 

 species of Machrerium. 



Pterocarpas Draco, a West Indian tree, yields by incision of its bark Dragon's Blood, a red astringent 

 resin. [P. erinaceus yields the African Rosewood and Kino, and P. santnlinus, the red Sanders-wood, used 

 to dye red-brown.] 



Buteafrondosa[3,n^i.B.superha],t\•e,ss(^i tropical Asia, yield by incision an astringent juice, named 

 Eastern Kino ; [and the flowers oi B . frondosa afford an orange-j'ellow dye]. 



JDrepanocarpus senegalensis, an African tree, produces the true or Gambia Kino. 



Ahnis preeatoritts is a tropicnl African and Asiatic climber, introduced into America, whose root 

 yields a liquorice, and its red shining seeds, with a black hilum, are used for chaplets and necklaces 

 [and as weights, called Metti (the origin of the woi'd carat) ; each seed weighs one grain very exactly]. 



DoUchos Lablnb [and other species are] Indian herbs with farinaceous edible seeds. Some neighbour- 

 ing genera (as Pachyrrhizus) have tuberous rhizomes and edible seeds. 



Phaseohis mdgaris is an Indian or American climber, or dwarf herb, the young sugary pods of which 

 are mucilaginous, and the seeds ^haricots) farinaceous and edible. 



[^Cicer arietinum,\h& Chick Pea or Gram of India, is extensively cultivated in South Europe and the 

 East for its edible seeds ; its herbage yields so strong an acid (oxalic ?) that shoes are spoiled by walking 

 through a field of it. — Ed.] 



Faba mdgaris (Bean), Pisum sativum (Pea), Ervum Lens (Lentil), are annual herbs with farirfaceous 

 edible seeds ; those of Ervum Ermlia are poisonous, [as are those of some Phaseoli and Lathyri], 



Apios tuberosa, Psoralea esculenta and hypogcsn, are North American herbs with tuberous, starchy, 

 edible rhizomes. 



Alhftgi Maworum is a West Asiatic and tropical and subtropical African shrub, from which exudes 

 Persian Manna, a substance analogous to the Manna of the Ash, and possessing the same properties. 



Muctina pruriens is an Indian annual, the pod of which is covered with stiff stinging hairs [called 

 Cowitch, and used as an anthelminthic]. The seed is called Donkey's Eye, from the large, pupil-like areola 

 on the testa. 



Onobryohis sativa (Sainfoin) is a perennial cultivated herb which furnishes an excellent fodder. 



[^JEsckytiomene aspera, a marsh shrub of India, has a very soft light wood, extensively used f(n' making 

 hats, under the name of lAhola. — Ed.] 



Arachis hypogcea is an annual Brazilian herb which buries its fruit to ripen the seeds. Its oily and 

 starchv seeds (Earth-nuts) are both used as food and much valued by manufacturers on accornt of their 

 bland oil ; three and a half millions of pounds of these are annually imported into Eranoe alone. 



Voandeseia subterranea, a Madagascar herb with hypogsBOus pods like those of Arachis, also yields 

 edible seeds. 



Lathyrus tuberosus is a perennial climbing herb with a feculent sugary rhizome, much cultivated 

 before the introduction of the potato. 



Vioia sativa (Vetch) is an annual climbing herb, cultivated for, forage. 



