CXIII. UMBELLIFEEiE. 465 



radiating furrows, cells 1-9. Seeds pendulous, pyri-reniform ; testa crustaceous, 

 shining, brown, striate longitudinally ; hilum naked. Embryo annular, surrounding 

 a farinaceous albumen. 



GENUS. 

 * Tetragonia. 



This group, long united to Mesembryanthemece, is connected with it by the inferior ovary, peripheric 

 embryo and farinaceous albumen ; but it is separated by the apetalous flower, the plurality of the 

 ovarian cells, and the placontation. Tetragoniea are also very near Portulaceoi, but are distinguished by 

 their always inferior ovary with 1-ovuled cells, the form and consistence of the fruit, &c. They also 

 approach Cheuopodiem in the curved ovule and the nature of the albumen ; but the latter are distinguished 

 by their superior always one-celled ovary, their perigynous stamens opposite the sepals, &c. All the 

 species of Tetragonia are dispersed over the isles and promontories of the southern hemisphere, beyond 

 the tropic. 



Tetraymiia cxpansa is a plant of New Zealand and the isles of the Southern Ocean, the properties of 

 which were unknown to the natives before Captain Cook used it as food for his sailors and as a cure for 

 scurvy. It was introduced into Europe by Sir J. Banks, and is now cultivated as Summer or New 

 Zealand Spinach. 



CXIII. UMBELLIFER^. 



(UmbbllaTjE, Toumefort. — Sciadophttum, Necker. — Umbellipee^, Jussieu. — 



ApiACE.fi, Lindl.) 



CoEOLLA polypetalous, epigynous, isostemonous, valvate in hud. Petals 5, inserted 

 on an epigynous dish. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals. Oyaet inferior, of 2 1- 

 ovuled cells. Ovules pendulous, anatropous. Eeuit d/ry. Embeto albuminous, apical. 

 Eadiole superior. — Leaves alternate. 



Herbaceous or rarely woody plants {Myodocarpus). Stem usually furrowed or 

 cbannelled, knotty, fistular, or full of pith. Leaves alternate, petiole dilated at the 

 base, blade usually cut, rarely entire [Bupleurum, Gimgidiwm). Flowees 5 , rarely 

 diclinous by arrest, arranged in umbels and umbeUules, sometimes in a head {Eryn- 

 gium), sometimes in whorls {Hyd/rocotyle) ; umbels and umbelhiles each furnished with 

 an involucre of bracts, or naked. Calyx 5-lobed or almost 0. Petals 5, valvate or 

 sub-imbricate in bud, inserted outside an epigynous disk, free, caducous, the point 

 generally inflexed, sometimes 2-fid or -partite, the outer often largest. Stamens 6, 

 alternate with and inserted like the petals ; filaments inflexed in bud ; amthers 2- 

 celled, sub-didymous, introrse. Carpels 2, coherent into a 2-celled ovary, cells 

 antero-posterior ; styles 2, thickened at the base into [one or two] stylopodes, which 

 crown the ovary ; [stigmas minute, capitellate] ; ovules originally geminate in each 

 cell, afterwards usually reduced to one, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit 2-celled, 

 dividing into 2 mericarps, which [often] remain suspended at the top of a single 

 or double filiform prolongation of the axis {carpophore). Surface of the fruit with 

 10 more or less prominent ridges {juga) named prima/ry. The median dorsal ridge 

 of each carpel is called the carinal or dorsal; the two to the right and left of 



H H 



