512 CXXVII. LOBELIACE^. 



Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, rarely woody below, sometimes climbing, 

 usually milky. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple, exstipulate. Flowers 

 perfect, regular, in a raceme spike or glomerule, sometimes panicled, involucrate or 

 not. Calyx superior or semi-superior, persistent, usually 5- (rarely 3-6-8-) partite, 

 aestivation valvate. Coeolla monopetalous, marcescent, inserted on an epigynous 

 ring, campauulate, infundibuliform or tubular, limb more or less deeply divided, 

 aestivation valvate. Stamens alternate with tbe corolla-lobes ; jilam&nts free or very 

 rarely adhering to the base of the corolla, connivent, or sub-coherent by their usually 

 dilated bases ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, distinct or cohering into a tube around the 

 style. OvAKT inferior or semi-inferior, 2-8-celled ; style simple, bristling with 

 fugacious collecting hairs arranged in longitudinal series ; stigma usually lobed, 

 glabrous within, hairy on the back, very rarely undivided and capitate ; ovules ana- 

 tropous, numerous, horizontal at the inner angle of the cells, or attached to the 

 surface of the septa. Capsule with many-seeded cells, sometimes loculicidal at the 

 top, or opening by valves near the bottom or middle or beneath thfe calyx, or by as 

 many pores as cells, very rarely by transverse slits. Seeds numerous, minute, ovoid 

 or angular. Embkto straight, in the axis of a fleshy albumen ; radicle near the 



hilum. 



peincipal geneea. 



Jasione. * Roella. * Specularia. * Canarina. 



* Phyteuma. * Trachelium. * Platycodon. * Campanula. 



• Adenophora. * Wahlenbergia. * Codoriopsis. * Michauxia. 



We have noticed the affinities of Campanulaceee with Lobdiacecs, Brunoniaceee and Stylidiece (see 

 these families). They approach Compositai in the inilorescence of some genera, the synanthery of others, 

 the epigyny, isostemonism and aestivation of the corolla, collecting hairs, and anatropous ovule ; they are 

 separated by the nervation of the corolla, plurality and horizontal direction of the ovules, collecting hairs 

 in lines and not in a ring, capsular fruit and albuminous embryo. The Campanulacees with basal or 

 lateral dehiscence inhabit the temperate regions of the Old World ; those with apical dehiscence are 

 most frequent in the southern temperate zone, and especially in South Africa, Australia and South 

 America. 



Campanulaceee yield a milky juice, which differs from that of Lobeliacers in the acrid principles being 

 neutralized by a sweet and very abundant mucilage, to which the fleshy roots of Campanula Mapuncidus 

 and its allies owe their alimentary properties ; they are agreeable and easy of digestion, and being milky, they 

 were recommended by the ancients in nursing. Many species are considered to cure hydrophobia in 

 Russia. Two indigenous Campanulas (C. Traohelimn and cei-vicaria) were formerly used in angina of 

 the pharynx and trachea ; whence their specific names. 



CXXVII. LOBELIACEJi:. 



(CAMPANtrLACBAEUM -pars, R. Br. — Lobeliace^, Jussieu, BartUng.) 



Corolla epigynou^, isostemonous, i/rr&gular, cestivation valvate. Stamens epigy- 

 nous, cohering into a tube. Ovary l--2^S-celled ; stigma not indmsiate ; ovules n/ume- 

 rous, generally horizontal, anatropous. Fruit a capsule or ierry. Embryo albuminous. 



Herbaceous annual or perennial plants, often woody below, rarely shrubby. 



