CLIX. SCROPHULAEINE^. 587 



Tbibe VI. EscOBBDiEai. — Oorolla tubular, not saccate nor spurred. Capsule 2-Ysdved. 

 Leaves, all or the lower only opposite. Inflorescence centripetal, peduncles with opposite 

 bracts. Calyx broad, lobes valvate. jEscoiedia, Melasma, Aleotra. 



Tribe VII. GEATiOLBiE. — Corolla tubular, not saccate nor spurred. Capsule 2-valved, 

 rarely indehiscent. Inflorescence centripetal, uniform (composite in JfarawZca). Calyx-lobes 

 imbricate. Aptosimum, Nycterinia, *Polycarena, *Ohcenostoma, *Ijyperia, *Mcmulea, *MvmMlus, 

 Mazus, Lindenbergia, Stemodia, LvmnopMla, Herpestis, Gratiola, Torenia, Vandellia, &c. — Ed.] 



SuB-OEDER III. EHINANTHIDE^, Benth. 



Corolla imbricate in aestivation, the two lateral lobes, or one of them, placed 

 outside all the others, the posterior never. Inflorescence usually indefinite. 



[Tribe I. Sibthoepib^..— Leaves alternate or fascicled with the flowers at the nodes, rarely 

 opposite, not connate ; floral similar, or upper smaller. Flowers rarely cymose. lAmosella, 

 Sibthorpia, Heiniphragma, Gapraria, Scoparia, &c. 



Tribe II. Digitale^:. — Leaves all alternate ; lower crowded, petioled. Inflorescence 

 centripetal, racemose. ^Digitalis, Picro7'hiza, *Wulfenia, &c. 



Tribe III. Vergnioeje, — Leaves, all or the lower only opposite. Inflorescence centripetal, 

 racemose. Stamens distant. Anthers 2-celled or cells confluent. *Veronica, Ourisia, &c. 



Tribe IV. Buchneeej).' — Leaves, all or the lower only opposite. Inflorescence centripetal, 

 racemose. Stamens approximate in pairs ; anthers dimidiate, l-celled. Buchnera, Striga, 

 Gycnium, Hyohanche, Ramphicarpa. 



Tribe V. Gerardibj!. — Leaves, all or the lower only opposite. Inflorescence centripetal, 

 racemose. Stamens approximate in pairs ; anthers 2-celled, cells often spurred, equal or one 

 empty. Scymaria, Oerardia, Sopuhia, Aulaya, Harveya, Gentranthera, &o. 



Tribe VI. Eupheasibje. — Inflorescence centripetal, racemose. Upper lip of corolla galeate 

 or concave, erect. *Gastill6Ja, Ortliocarpus, Lamourouxia, Trvtago, Bartsia, Odontites, Euphrasia, 

 Bhinanthus, Pedicularis, &o. — Ed.] 



We have indicated the affinity between Sorophuhnnecs and Solanecs. Thej' have also many characters 

 in common with other families having an irregular anisostemonous corolla, and especially with Acan- 

 thacees and Bignoniacece. Acanthacets differ in the sestivation of the corolla, the curved ovules, the 

 processes of the placenta which support them, and the absence of albumen ; Bignoniacem in the winged 

 exalbuminous seeds, and the ovary girt with a fleshy ring. Many genera belonging to the sub-order 

 Mhinanthidece are root-parasites like Orobanchece (Bhinanthus, Melampyrum, Bedioularis, Odontites, 

 Euphrasia, Bartsia, CastiUejd). 



Sarophularinete are found in all climates, but most abundantly in temperate regions, and very rarely 

 towards the poles and equator. Their medicinal properties vary greatly, chemical analysis yielding 

 bitter and acrid principles, combined with resinous and volatile substances. Some — as Veronica officinalis, 

 called in France European Tea — are tonic, astringent and vulnerary ; others are antiscorbutic ( V. Becca- 

 hmga). Scrophularia nodosa and aquatica, foetid and nauseous herbs, are resolvents and sudoriflcs. 



The Large-flowered Snapdragon is acrid and bitter ; it was formerly used as a diuretic. The common 

 Toadflax is supposed to cure jaundice and skin diseases. Eyebright {Euphrasia officinalis) possesses a 

 bitter principle ; a water distilled from it is used in ophthalmia. The seeds oi Melampyrum pratense 

 are emollients if used externally, but mixed with wheat flour render the latter bitter and poisonous. 



Qratiola officinalis (the Gratia Eei, or Poor Man's Herb) contains a resinous and acrid principle, and is 



