CCX, JUGLANDB^. 711 



pairs, lobed; style solitary; stigma with radiating lobes. Fruit a berry, or sub- 

 coriaceous, pulpy within. Embryo exalbuminous, undivided, homogeneous. Para- 

 sitic on Gistus in the Mediterranean region, and on the roots of other plants in 

 America and South Africa. 



GENUS. 

 Cytiniis. 



Teibe IV. APODANTHEM. 



Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4-fid or -partite, imbricate in aestivation and persis- 

 tent. Corolla of 4 deciduous petals. S : Anthers placed below the dilated top of 

 the staminal column, 2-3- seriate, sessile, 1 -celled. Ovary adherent, many-ovuled; 

 ovules orthotropous, scattered through the cavity; stigma capitate. Fruit a berry, 

 inferior. Embryo exalbuminous, undivided, homogeneous. — Parasitic on the stem 

 and branches of dicotyledonous plants, never on the roots. 



GENERA. 

 Apodantlies. Pilostyles. 



Maffiesia and Bi-ugmansia belong to the Indian Archipelago. Sapria inhabits the shady forests of 

 .the extreme eastern Himalaya. Hydnora grows in Africa and South America. Cytinus principally 

 inhabits South Africa and tropical North America; one species (C Sypodstis) belongs to the Medi- 

 terranean region. Apodanthes and Pilostyles occur in America on the stems and branches of several 

 LegtiminoscB (Adesmia, Bauhinia, Calliandra). Some species are remarkable for their gigantic flowers ; 

 that of Rafflesia Amoldi springs directly from the roots of Cisstis angustifolia, expands on the surface of 

 the earth, and attains nearly 3 feet in diameter. The perianth is 5-fid, spreading, and the throat bears 

 an annular crown ; its pink colour and scent of meat attract the flies, which thus become aids to its 

 fertilization. 



Cytinus contains, besides gallic acid and tannin, two colouring principles and a matter analogous 

 to tilmine. From the herbage. and fruit is obtained an extract called Hypocistis juice; it is blackish, 

 acidulated, astringent and harsh in taste ; it was known to the ancients, and is still used in the south of 

 Europe for bloody flux and dysentery. The buds of R. Patma are used in Java for uterine haemorrhage. 

 Brugmansia also possesses powerful styptic properties. [The rhizome of Hydnora is used by the Hotten- 

 tots for tanning their fishing nets, &c.] 



CCX. JUGLANBEjE. 

 (JuGLAWDE^, B.C. — JtTGLANDiNE^, Dumortier. — JuGLANDACE^, LindL, Casim. B.C. 



Flowers diclinous, spiked. $ : Perianth single, &-2-'^-lo'bed, or 0. Stamens 

 3-00 , inserted at the lose of the perianth, or of the iract. $ : Perianth superior, 

 4-2-toothed. Ovart inferior, 1-celled; ovule solitary, erect, orthotropous. Fetjit 

 fleshy, dehiscent or not. Nut septate. Seed exalbuminous ; cotyledons fleshy, oily, 

 2-lohed. — Stem woody. Leaves alternate, pinnate, exstipulate. 



Trees or shrubs with watery or resinous juice ; huds 2-3, superimposed in the 

 same axil, foliaceous or scaly, sessile, or stipitate before the leaves unfold. Leaves 

 alternate, exstipulate, imparl- rarely pari-pinnate, glabrous pubescent tomentose or 

 with scattered discoid hairs ; leaflets membranous or coriaceous, not punctate. 



