CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 989 



DiTisiON I. Vasculae (or Phjenogamic) Plants. 

 Class I. Exogens (or Dicottledons). 

 Sub-class 1. Thalamifloral. 

 „ 2. Calycifloral. 

 ,, 3. Corollifloral. 

 „ 4. MonooUamydal. 



Class II. Bndogens (or Monocotyledons). 



Division II. Cellular Plants (or Cryptogams). 



Sub-class 1. .iSIthiogams (or Vascular Cryptogams). 

 ,, 2. Amphigams (or Cellular Cryptogams). 



In 1830, Dr. Lindley, Professor of Botany at University College, London, published his 

 ' Introduction to the Natural Orders of Plants,' a very original and valuable work, and the 

 first that discussed fully the characters, affinities, geographical distribution, medical and 

 economic properties of the Natural Orders. It follows what the author designates as a 

 slight modification of De CandoUe's plan, but which is in truth a great improvement of it. 

 The Orders are there arranged as follows : — 



"Class I. Vascular or Flowering Plants. 

 Sub-class I. Exogens or Dicotyledons. 

 Tribe I. Angiospermous. 



§ 1. Polypetalons (inclusive of Ineompletsa). 

 § 2. Monopetalous. 



Tribe II. Gymnospermous. 

 Sqb-class II. Endogens or Monocotyledons. 

 Tribe I. Petaloidese. 

 „ II. Glumacese. 



Class II. Cellular or Ploweeless Plants. 



Tribe I. Pilicoideee. 

 „ II. Muscoideee. 

 ,, III. AphylleiB. 



In 1833 Lindley published his ' Nixus Plantaram,' which is remarkable as being an 

 attempt to carry out Brown's suggestion of throwing the Natural Orders into groups, 

 which the author designated ' Nixus.' The result was an arrangement of the Orders into 

 Cohorts and minor groups, so badly constructed and artificially limited, that it is not 

 needful to reproduce them here, even in outline. It was subsequently somewhat modified 

 in the second edition of the author's ' Natural System.' 



Nor is it necessary to dwell upon Lindley's further efforts to group systematically, and 

 place naturally, the Orders of Plants, which he attempted to do in the article on Exogens 

 in the 'Penny Cyclopedia' (1838), and again in 1839 in the 'Botanical Eegister,' and 

 lastly, in 1845, in his ' Vegetable Kingdom.' This latter work is a copiously illustrated 

 edition of the original ' Introduction to the Natural System,' enlarged and improved in 

 every particular, except that of the classification adopted, which, as it has not been 

 followed, need not here be discussed. It is sufficient to state that undue weight is given 



