996 



SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSES, 



Bosace<e, Hamamelidca, Balsamiflufe, Haloragem, Gunneracea, Calliirichmea, RkieophorecB, Combreiacea, 

 Lythrarkw, Onagrarkm, SamydacecB, Loasem, Datiscemj Ficoidece, Tetragonieis, Cornece, Oarryacem. 



Plants with connate petals also occur in Anonaceis, Pittosporem, FolygaUa, Portulacem, Tamariscinecs, 

 Camelliacets, Dipterocarpem, Humlriaceie, Diosmeee, Baisaminete, Meliacece, lUcinem, Stackhousim, Drosercicees, 

 Bruniaee<e, NapoUonea, MelastomacecB, Thirneraccte, Cucurbitacea, Cactem. 



Seeies I. TEALAMIFLOBAL. 

 Sepals usually distinct and separate, free from the ovary. Petals l-2-oo -seriate, 

 ^ypogyjious- Stamens hypogynous, rarely inserted on a short or long torus, or on a disk. 

 Ovary superior. 



Exceptions."— Connate sepals occur in a few orders. The calyx is adnate to the ovary, or to a fleshy 

 torus embracing the ovary, in Pceonia of BanunculaceiB, Calycanthacece, and in a few Anonacece, Nymphmaceie, 

 Portulacece, Capparideis, Bucm,ecs, Polygalem, Camelliacere, Vochysiacecs, TiliaceiB, and Dipterocarpe(B ; peta- 

 loid sepals occur in apetalous Eaniinculacecs, in Berberidece, TilioAiem, and others; the stamens are manifestly 

 perigynous in a few DilUniaoea, Papaveracece, Capparidece, Moringece, Besedacets, Violarie<s, Caryophylle<B, 

 Portulaceee, Malvacece, and Stercnliacea. 



Cohort I. Ranales. — Stamens very rarely definite. Carpels free or immersed in 

 the torus, very rarely connate. Micropyle usually inferior. Embryo minute in a fleshy 

 albumen. 



* Sepals usually 5 m- fewer. Petals l-seriate. 



PAGE 



1. Ranttjtculace^. Sepals deciduous, 

 often coloured and petaloid. Petals often 0. 

 — Herbs with alternate leaves, or shrubs 

 ■with opposite leaves . . . . . 171 



2. BiLLENiACE^. Sepals persistent, her- 

 baceous. — Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs ; 

 leaves alternate 189 



* * Sepals or petals 2~B-seriate. 



3. Caltcanihe^. Sepals (or petals) and 

 stamens oo. Carpels sunk in the receptaeular 

 tube. Albumen 0. Cotyledons convolute. 

 —Shrubs ; leaves opposite, exstipulate . 190 



4. MAGNOLiACEiE. Flovrers >^. Sepals 

 and petals usually oo, l-oo -seriate. Torus or 

 gynophore often long. Albumen abundant ; 

 embiyo minute. — Trees or shrubs; leaves 

 alternate 192 



5. ScHizANDKE^. Floweis (J ?. Petals 

 and stamens oo -seriate. — Climbing shrubs; 

 leaves exstipulate 195 



6. ANONACEiE. Flowers g. Sepals 3. 



Petals usually 6, 2-seriate. Albumen rumi- 

 nate ; embryo minute. — Trees or shrubs; , 

 leaves alternate, exstipulate .... 196 



7. MBNisPERMEiE. Flowcrs (J J . Pe- 

 tals usually 6, shorter than the sepals. Sta- 

 mens 6, opposite the petals. Carpels 1-3. — 

 Slender twining shrubs; leaves alternate, ex- 

 stipulate ; flowers minute, green . . . 199 



8. Beeberide^. Flowers i^. Sepals and 

 petals each 1-3-seriate. Anthers extrorse, 

 bursting by raised valves. Carpel 1. — Shrubs, 

 rarely herbs, not climbing ; leaves simple or 

 pinnate ; stipules minute .... 202 



9. LAKDizABALEa;. Flowers ^ $ . Se- 

 pals 3-6. Petals 6, smaller than the sepals, 

 or 0. — Usually climbing shrubs ; leaves com- 

 pound 205 



10. NYMPHjsiNEiB. Flowers ^. Sepals 

 3-5. Petals 3-oo , l-oo -seriate. Stamens 

 00 , hypogynous or attached to the torus. 

 Carpels free or connate, or plunged in a 

 fleshy obeonic torus. — Aquatic herbs ; leaves 

 usually floating ; flowers solitary, on scapes . 207 



Cohort II. Parietales. — Stamens oo or definite. Carpels connate into a 1-celled 

 ovary with parietal placentas, rarely spuriously 2- or more- celled by the prolongation of 

 the placentas. (Carpels free in a few Papaveracece and BesedacecB ; ovary regularly 3- or 

 more- celled in some Sarraceniaeem, Fa/paveraceoe, Capparidece and Bixmece.) 



* Embryo minute, in the base of a fleshy albumen. centas axile. — Scapigerous herbs with radi- 



11. SAERACENiACEiE. Flowers regular., cal pitcher-shaped leaves . . . .212 



Stamens oo , free, Ovary 3-5-celled ; pla- 12. Papa.veeacE-«). Flowers regular. 



