COHOETS AND ORDERS. (BY THE EDITOR.) 



1003 



109. Cacte.5. Flowers g . Sepals petals 

 and stamens usually oo. Ovary inferior, 1- 

 celled, placentas parietal; stigmas usually 

 radiating. — Spinous and leafless (rarely leafy) 

 succulent plants, stem often fleshy, angled 



or ribbed 457 



110. FicoiDE^. Flowers ^ or unisexual. 

 Oalyx-lobes 4-5. Petals oo, or small or 0. 

 Stamens few or oo. Ovary 2-oo -celled ; styles 

 free or connate. — Herbs or undershrubs; 

 leaves quite entire 461 



111. Mesembrtanthemejd. Flowers J- 

 Calyx superior, 2-8-parted. Petals and sta- 

 mens 00, oo-seriate, epigynous. Ovary in- 



ferior, several-celled, many-aeeded; embryo 

 curved, in floury albumen. — Succulent herbs 

 or undershrubs ; leaves opposite or alternate, 

 simple, often 3-gonous or cylindric, exstipu- 

 late . . . . . . . 461, 462 



112. Teiragonie^. Flowers § or uni- 

 sexual. Calyx-lobes induplicate-valvate. Sta- 

 mens 1-5-0, epigynous. Ovary inferior, 1-9- 

 celled; styles 1-9; ovules 1, pendulous in 

 each cell. Drupe with the accrescent calyx. 

 Embryo annular, in floury albumen. — Herbs 

 or shrubs; leaves sub-opposite or alternate, 

 simple, succulent, exstipulate . . 461, 464 



Cohort XV. TJmbellales. — ^Flowers regular, usually 5 . Stamens usually definite. 

 Ovary inferior, l-2-oo -celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous in each cell from its top ; styles 

 free or connate at the base ; ovules with the coats confluent with the nucleus. Seeds 

 albuminous ; embryo usually minute. 



113. Umbbllifer^. Flowers g . Petals 

 imbricate, rarely valvate. Ovary 2-celled ; 

 styles 2. Fruit of dry indehiscent meri- 

 earps. — Herbs; stems often flstular; leaves 

 alternate, usually much dissected, .exstipu- 

 late ; flowers umbelled, rarely capitate . 465 



114. AKALiACEiE. Flowers g. Petals 

 valvate, rarely imbricate. Ovary l-oo -celled ; 

 styles 2--00 , or stigmas sessile. Fruit usu- 

 ally a berry or drupe. Seed with a ven- 

 tral raphe. — Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs; 

 leaves alternate, rarely opposite, usually com- 

 pound, often stipulate ; flowers usually um- 

 belled 471 



115. Corner. Flowers 5 ^"^ unisexual. 

 Petals valvate or imbricate. Ovary l-oo- 

 celled ; style 1. Fruit a drupe. Seed with 

 a dorsal raphe: — Shrubs or trees; leaves 

 usually opposite, simple, exstipulate; flowers 

 capitate or corymbose 475 



116. Gaeryacejs. Flowers unisexual. 

 Sepals of $ 4, valvate in bud ; of ? obsolete 

 or 2-lobed. Stamens 4; anthers basifixed. 

 Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2 ; ovules 2, collateral, 

 pendulous. Berry 1-2-seeded. — Shrubs ; 

 leaves opposite, simple, exstipulate ; flowers 



in drooping catkins 477 



DIVISION II. MONOPETALOUS. 



Flowers furnished with both sepals and petals, the latter connate. 



Exceptions.— Apetalous and polypetalous species occur in the orders Primulacea, Gleinem, and Plan- 

 taginia; and polypetalous ones also occur in Loheliacece, Ericacecs, Monoiropem, PyrolaceiB, Fltimbaginete, 

 Myrsinle, Sa'^oUa, CyrilUcB, Styracea, Ebemcete, and Jasminece. (See also the exceptions to Polypetalse, p. 995.) 



Series I. EPIGYNOUS. 

 Ovary inferior (superior in some Goodeniacece and in Brunoniacem) . (See also 131, 

 Vacoiiiiea, and 164, GesneracecB.) 



Cohort XVI Caprifoliales.— Flowers regular or irregular. Stamens as many as the 

 corolla-lobes, inserted on the corolla. Ovary inferior, 2-oo -celled ; cells l-co -ovuled. Seeds 

 albuminous or very rarely exalbuminous.-Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs ; leaves opposite or 

 whorled, often stipulate ; calyx never pappose. 



