1006 



SYNOPSIS OF THE CLASSES, 



117. Capkifoliacea Flowers usually 

 irregular. Corolla-lobes imbricate, rarely 

 Talvate. — Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs ; 

 leaves usually exstipulate .... 479 



118. RuBiACEjE. Flowers very rarely ir- 



regular. Corolla-lobes valvate contorted or 

 imbricate. Styles 1-2. — Trees shrubs and 

 herbs; leaves opposite or whorled, quite 

 entire, stipulate; stipules leaf-like in one 

 tribe 483 



Cohort XVII. Asterales. — Flowers regular or irregular ; if unisexual, usually collected 

 in involucrate heads. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, rarely fewer, inserted on the 

 corolla. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, 1-ovuled (or if 2-3-celled, with one cell only ovuliferous) . 

 — Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees ; leaves exstipulate ; limb of the calyx usually reduced to a 

 pappus or 0. 



119. Valeriane^. Flowers irregular. 

 Corolla-lobes imbricate. Stamens as many 

 as the corolla-lobes or fewer. Ovary 3-celled, 

 2 cells 1-ovuled, one empty ; style 1 ; ovule 

 pendulous. Seed exalbuminous. — Herbs ; 

 leaves opposite, simple or divided, exstipu- 

 late 488 



120. CALYCEEEiB. Flowers 5 J regular. 

 Corolla-lobes valvate. Stamens as many as 

 the corolla-lobes. Ovary 1-celled ; ovule 1, 

 pendulous. Seed albuminous. — Herbs; leaves 

 alternate, exstipulate; flowers in involucrate 

 heads 491 



121. DiPSACEiE. Flowers ^j irregular. 

 Corolla-lobes imbricate. Stamens usually 4. 

 Ovary 1-celIed; ovule 1, pendulous. Seed 

 albuminous.— Herbs; leaves opposite, exsti- 



pulate ; flowers usually in involucrate heads, 

 rarely in axillary whorls, involucrate . . 493 



122. Composite. Flowers unisexual or 

 g . Corolla-lobes valvate. Stamens as many 

 as the corolla-lobes ; anthers usually synge- 

 nesious. Ovary 1-celled ; ovule 1, erect. 

 Seed exalbuminous. — Herbs or shrubs, rarely 

 trees; leaves usually alternate, exstipulate; 

 flowers small or minute, in involucrate heads ; 

 often dimorphous ...... 495 



122a. (125.) BRtTNONiACEjE. Flowers sub- 

 regular, in an involucrate head. Corolla 

 hypogynous, lobes valvate. ' Stamens hypo- 

 gynous. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled; stigma 

 indusiate; ovule erect. Fruit a utricle. 

 Seed exalbuminous. — Scapigerous herbs ; 

 leaves all radical 509 



Cohort XVIII. Campanales. — Flowers most often irregular, rarely unisexual or col- 

 lected into involucrate heads. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes or fewer. Ovary 

 2-6-celled, rarely 1-celled ; style simple, stigma often indusiate ; ovules numerous in the 

 cells, rarely solitary. 



123. SiTLlBlB^. Flowers irregular. Co- 

 rolla-lobes imbricate. Stamens 2, epigynpus ; 

 filaments confluent with the style in a long 

 column, which is curved and irritable at the 

 top. Ovary 1-2-eelled. Capsule septioidal. 

 Seeds albuminous. — Herbs, rarely under- 

 shrubs; leaves scattered or whorled, exsti- 

 pulate 



123a. (163.) CoLUMELLiAOEiB. Flowers 

 sub-regular, corolla-lobes imbricate. Stamens 

 2; connective broad; anther-cells sinuous. 

 Ovary inferior, 2-celled ; placentas on the 

 septum, many-ovuled. CapsiUe woody, 2- 

 yalved. Seeds albuminous. — Evergreen trees 

 or shrubs ; leaves opposite, exstipulate . 



124. GooDENlACEa;, Flowers irregular. 



506 



693 



Corolla epigynous or perigynous; lobes in- 

 duplicate-valvate. Stamens 6, epigynous. 

 Ovary 1-2-4-celled ; cells l-oo -ovuled ; stig- 

 ma indusiate. Fruit a drupe, berry or capsule. 

 Seeds albuminous. — Herbs, rarely shrubby; 

 leaves alternate, exstipulate .... 507 

 126. Brtjngniace^. (See 122fl.) . . 509 



126. CAMPANULACEa:. Flowers regular, 

 rarely in an involucrate head. Corolla epi- 

 gynous, lobes valvate. Stamens epigynous. 

 Ovary 2-5-ceHed; cells many-ovuled; style 

 often furnished with collecting hairs ; stigma 

 not indusiate. Fruit capsular. Seeds albu- 

 minous. — Herbs, usually milky ; leaves rarely 

 opposite, simple, exstipulate .... 510 



127. LoBELiACE^. Corolla epigynous, 



