174 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGusT, 1917. 
C. PENDULUM, Swartz (Nov. Act. Ups., vi. p. 73) was based on 
Epidendrum pendulum, Roxb. (Corom. Pl., i. p. 35, t. 44), said to bea 
native of the Circar Hills, in the Central Provinces of India. Swartz 
remarks that it is closely allied to C. aloifolium, but is distinguished by the 
pendulous, not erect spikes, while Lindley added that the keels of the lip 
were continuous, not interrupted and arcuate as in C. aloifolium. Lindley 
(Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 165) included as synonymous C. crassifolium, Wall. 
(Cat., n. 7357), a species based on materials collected in E. Sylhet by F. de 
Silva, and further suggested that the Javan C. pendulum, Blume, might 
be identical, but this is clearly the Malayan C. Finlaysonianum. We 
have not seen a dried specimen of Roxburgh’s Circar plant, but there is an 
old specimen in Herb. Hooker, localised Assam Plains (collector unknown), 
which is apparently the same species. King & Pantling also figure C. 
pendulum from Sikkim (Orch. Sikkim., p. 188, t. 251), remarking that it 
occurs at the bottoms of tropical valleys and along the base of the range, 
and that the lip is continuously bilamellate, as originally described. The 
flowers are also darker than those figured by Roxburgh. King & Pantling 
include under C. pendulum the C. Mannii, Rchb. f. (Flora, 1872, p. 274); 
based on materials collected in Assam by Gustav Mann, and judging by 
the description (for we have not seen a specimen) the reference is correct. 
The range of the species outside Sikkim, however, must have been taken 
from another source. As thus restricted, we find no evidence that the 
species has been in cultivation. 
C. FINLAYsonIANUM, Lindl. (Wall. Cat., n. 7358; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 
Orch., p. 164), was based on materials collected by Finlayson, the locality 
being recorded as Bay of Turon, Cochin China. It is a common and 
widely diffused species, which also has been much confused. It is the C. 
aloifolium, Wall. (Cat., n. 7352), based on plants collected in Cochin China, 
by Finlayson, in Penang, by Porter, and at the River Attran, by Wallich. 
This, in turn, became the C. Wallichii, Lindl. (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 165)- 
The River Attran plant, however, is different, and must be excluded. 
It is also the C. pendulum, Blume, from Java, and the C. pendulum, 
Lindl. (Bot. Reg., 1840, t. 25), and var. brevilabre, Lindl. (J.c., 1842, to 24)» 
the latter from Singapore, and the C. tricolor, Mig. (Choix Pl., t..19). It 
is common in the Malay Peninsula, near the coast, and extends to 
Sumatra, Borneo, Celebes, and the Philippines, where it has been collected 
in the islands of Luzon, Mindanao and Palawan. It is a much finer plant 
than those previously mentioned, and is readily distinguished by having 
flowers of about double the size. 
There still remains a common and widely diffused plant which has been 
variously included under the names C. aloifolium and C. pendulum. It 
was figured as early as 1797 in the Botanical Magazine (t. 387), under the 
