140 



Majores. 



C. GEOFFROYI 



CHAKADKITTS. 



Oriental Region. 



Coasts of China and Japan. 

 South China. 

 Malay Archipelago. 



Minor es. 



C. DEALBATUS. 

 C. PERONI. 



C. BICINCTUS 



C. FRONTALIS 

 C. OBSCURUS 



C. MONTANUS 



C. WILSONI 



Australian Region. 



Coast of Australia. 

 Coast of New Zealand. 

 Plains of New Zealand. 

 Mountains of New Zealand. 



Nearctic Region. 



United States Prairies. 



' Atlantic coast of Southern Half. 



Pacific coast of Southern Half. 



C. FALKLANDICUS 



Neotropical Region. 



Pacific coast of Northern Half. ) 

 Atlantic coast of Northern Half. 



Northern Half. 



Chili. 



Patagonia. 



!• 



C. RUFICAPILLUS. 



C. NIVOSUS. 



C. COLLARIS. 



C. OCCIDENTALS. 



Emigra- 

 tions. 



The Sand-Plovers appear to have escaped from the Polar Pasin along the Asiatic coast 

 and to have found temporary residence in localities where the conformation of the land 

 favoured their isolation in many districts, and their consequent differentiation into many 

 species. 



C frontalis appears to have been isolated, and rapidly and greatly differentiated, in 

 New Zealand. 



C. mongolicus chose Australia for its winter-quarters, where some of them became 

 residents, and, changing their time of breeding to suit the changed seasons, were soon 

 physiologically isolated from the rest, and became consequently differentiated into C. bi- 

 cinchis, a species which in post-glacial times sent a colony to Patagonia, which has since 

 become C. falklandicus. 



C. geoffroyi was isolated on the coasts of Burma and the Malay Peninsula, and during 

 the struggle for existence caused by the crowding of such small winter- quarters at the 

 height of the glacial period sent off colonies to America and New Zealand, which became 

 respectively C. wilsoni and C. obscurus. 



C. cantianus was isolated in India, where it multiplied to such an extent on the coasts 



