148 CHARADRIUS. 



Variations. No local races of this species are known. 



Synonymy. 



Literature. 



Geographi- 

 cal distribu- 

 tion. 



Charadrius mongolus, Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, iii. p. 700 (1773). 



Charadrius mongolicus, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 136 (1826). 



Charadrius cirrhepidesmos, 1 



Charadrius gularis, I ^^ ** Av ' »■ 61 > 69 < 1827 ) " 



Charadrius sanguineus, Lesson, Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 330 (1828). 



Charadrius pyrrhothorax, Temminck , fide Gould, Birds Eur. iv. pi. 299 (1837). 



iEgialites pyrrhothorax (Temm.), Keyserling u. Blasius, Wirb. Eur. p. lxx (1840). 



Charadrius rufinellus, Blyth, Ann. §■ Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 169 (1843). 



Charadrius ruficollis, Cuvier,fide Schlegel, Rev. Crit. Ois. Eur. p. 95 (1844). 



Charadrius subrufinus, Hodgson, Gray's Zool. Misc. 1844, p. 86. 



Hiaticula inornata, Gould, Birds of Australia, vi. pi. 19 (1848). 



Hiaticula inconspicua, Lichtenstein, Nom. Av. p. 94 (1854). 



Pluviorhynchus mongolus (Pall.), 1 •" „ „ 



., . , trn . t Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 417 (1856) . 



Cirrepidesmus pyrrhothorax {Temm.), ) 



Charadrius inornatus {Gould), Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 187. 



Ochthodromus inornatus (Gould), Gould, Handb. Birds Austr. ii. p. 237 (1865). 



iEgialitis mongolicus {Pall.), Swinhoe, Ibis, 1870, p. 360. 



Cirrepidesmus mongolicus {Pall.), Hume, Stray Feathers, 1873, p. 230. 



iEgialitis mastersi, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, i. p. 135 (1876). 



Eudromias mongolicus {Pall.), Severtzow, Ibis, 1876, p. 327. 



Plates. — Middendorff, Sib. Reise, ii. pl.xix. figs. 2, 3; Gould, Birds of Europe, pi. 293; Gould, 



Birds of Australia, vi. pi. 19. 

 Habits. — Radde, Reisen im Siiden von Ost-Sibirien, ii. p. 324. 

 Eggs. — Unknown. 



The Mongolian Sand-Plover in the breeding-dress of the adult male is distinguished 

 by having a white throat and a chestnut breast ; but as the chestnut breast disappears in 

 autumn, a more elaborate diagnosis is necessary. It belongs to the group of JEgialophili 

 major es, the wing from carpal joint varying in length from 5 '4 to 4'9 inch ; and may be 

 distinguished from C. asiaticus and C. montanus by its black legs ; from C. ivilsoni, C. ob- 

 scurus, C. geoffroyi, and C. frontalis by its short bill with a termitial vault of "3 inch or less ; 

 and from C.falklandicus and C. bicinctus in adult plumage by never having the breast 

 crossed by two bands. Young in first plumage of C.falklandicus, C. bicinctus, and C. 

 mongolicus are very difficult to determine, but the latter have the upper tail-coverts paler 

 than the rump, and the tail short (under two inches). 



The Mongolian Sand-Plover breeds in Asia from Eastern Turkestan to the valley of 

 the Amoor, and winters on the coasts from the mouth of the Red Sea to the islands of the 

 Malay Archipelago and Australia. 



