LOBIVANELLUS. 



Parra ludoviciana, Gmelin, Sijst. Nat. i. p. 706 (1788). 



Tringa ludoviciana (Gmel.), Latham, Index Orn. ii. p. 727 (1790). 



Vanellus ludovicianus (Gmel.), Vieillot, N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxxv. p. 208 (1819). 



Charadrius ludovicianus [Gmel.), Nitzsch, Ersch §• Grub. Encycl. xvi. p. 150 (1827). 



Charadrius callaeas, Wagler, Syst. Av. p. 76 (1827). 



Lobivanellus ludovicianus [Gmel.), Strickland, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1841, p. 33. 



Lobivanellus personatus, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1842, p. 113. 



rpersonata (Gould),-) ... 



Cnettusia-j ., ,„ ,, J- Gray, Genera of Birds, in. p. 541 (1847). 



Lobivanellus miles (Bodd.), Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 418 (1856). 



189 



Plates. — Daub. PI. Enl. no. 835 ; Gould, Birds of Australia, vi. pi. 10. 

 Habits. — Gould, Handb. Birds of Australia, ii. p. 220. 

 Eggs. — Campbell, Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds, p. 53. 



Literature. 



Specific 

 characters. 



Geographi- 

 cal distribu- 

 tion. 



Gould's Wattled Lapwing has the underparts and nape pure while, and is furnished 

 both with spurs and hind toes. This diagnosis bars all other species, including its repre- 

 sentative in East Australia, L. lobatus, which differs from it in having a black collar at the 

 back of the neck extending to the sides of the breast, and connected with the black crown 

 by a narrow black band down "the nape. 



It is a resident in North Australia ; I have an example collected by Rosenberg in 

 Arm ; and it has occurred in Timor-laut (Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 433), New 

 Guinea (Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, iv. p. 101), and some other adjacent 

 islands. 



It is said to be a common bird, living on the borders of lakes, on the seashore at the 

 mouths of rivers, and on swamps, but also visiting the plains, generally in small flocks. 

 It breeds in August and September, and is said to lay only two or three eggs, closely 

 resembling those of L. indicus. It is a very handsome bird, having, like its close ally 

 L. lobatus, yellow irides and wattles ; but its legs and feet are much paler than those of its 

 ally, a character which is very conspicuous even in the dried skins. 



The two Australian species appear to be nearest allied to L. malabaricus, but are much Allies. 

 closer related to each other. There is, however, no reason to suppose that they intergrade, 

 as appears to be the case with the two Bronze-winged Wattled Lapwings, which differ from 

 each other in a very similar manner. L. personatus not only differs from its southern ally 

 in having no black on the hind neck and in having much paler legs, but it is a slightly 

 smaller bird, and is said to lay smaller eggs. 



