224 



VANELLUS. 



VANELLUS MELANOPTERUS. 



BUP PELFS LAPWING. 



Diagnosis. Vanellus halluce nullo : calcari nullo : pedibus rufis : primariarum tectricibus nigris. 



Yariations. No local races of this species are known. 



Synonymy. Characlrius melanopterus, Cretzschmar, Riipp. Atlas, p. 46 (1826). 



Charadrius spixii, Wagler, Syst. Av. p. 57 (1827). 

 Charadrius lugubris, Lesson, Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 328 (1828). 

 Hoplopterus spixii {Wagl.), Gray, Genera of Birds, iii. p. 542 (1847). 

 Charadrius frontalis, Sundevall, (Efv. Vet. Handl. 1850, p. 110. 

 Stephanibyx spixi {Wagl.), Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 419 (1856). 

 Vanellus melanopterus {Cretzschm.) , Gurney, Ibis, 1860, p. 217. 

 Vanellus spixii {Wagl.), Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Cursores, p. 63 (1865). 

 Chettusia melanopterus {Cretzschm.), Finsch fy Hartlaub, Vog. Ost-Afr. iv. p. 638 (1870). 

 Hoplopterus melanopterus {Cretzschm.), Gray, Hand-l. Birds, iii. p. 13 (1871). 



Literature. Plates. — Cretzschm. Ruppell's Atlas, pi. xxxi. 



Habits.— Heuglin, Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. p. 1010. 

 Eggs. — Sharpe, Layard's Birds S. Africa, p. 669. 



