TOTANUS. 345 



If it be necessary to depend upon such apparently slight characters for the diagnosis 

 of the genus Totanus, to what minute shades of difference must those ornithologists have 

 descended who split it up into a dozen or more genera ! In the synonymy of this genus 

 there are not quite two generic names to each species, but very nearly so. 



Synonymy of the Genus Totanus. 



Type. 



Totanus, Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb. ii. p. 282 (1803) T. calidris. 



Glottis, Koch, Syst. baier. Zool. p. 305 (1816) T. glottis. 



Limicula, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. &;c. Brit. Mus. p. 32 (1816) T. glottis. 



Pavoncella, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. fyc. Brit. Mus. p. 29 (1816) . . . . T. pugnax. 



Machetes, Cuvier, Regn. Anim. i. p. 490 (1817) T. pugnax. 



Symphemia, Rafinesgue, Journ. Phys. p. 420 (1819) T. semipalrnatus. 



Actitis, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 560 T. hypoleucus. 



Catoptrophorus, Bonap. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, ii. p. 323 (1826). . T. semipalrnatus. 



Helodromas, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 144 (1829) T. ochropus. 



Gambetta, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 54 (1829, nee Koch, 1816) T. calidris. 



Erythroscelus, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 54 (1829) T. fuscus. 



Xenus, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 115 (1829) T. terekius. 



lihyacophilus, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 140 (1829) T. glareola. 



lliornis, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 156 (18'29) T. stagnatilis. 



Ilodites. Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 155 (1829) T. semipalrnatus. 



Bartramia, J^esson, Traite d' Orn. p. 553 (1831) T. bartrami. 



Tringoides, Bonap. Sagg. dist. met. An. Vert. p. 58 (1831) T. hypoleucus. 



Actidurus, Bonap. Sagg. dist. met. An. Vert. p. 143 (1831) T. bartrami. 



tuliga, Nuttall, Man. Orn. U.S. <Sf Can. ii. p. 167 (1834) T. bartrami. 



Terekia, Bonap. Comp. LAst B. Eur. fy N. Amer. p. 52 (1838) T. terekius. 



Actiturus, Bonap. Comp. List B. Eur. fy N. Amer. p. 51 (1838) T. bartrami. 



Simorhynchus, Keyserling &; Blasius, Wirb. Eur. p. 74 (1840) T. terekius. 



Guinetta, Gray, List Gen. Birds, p. 68 (1840) T. hypoleucus. 



Philomachus, Gray, List Gen. &; Subgen. of Birds, p. 89 (1841) T. pugnax. 



Ileteroscelus, Baird, Birds N. Amer. p. 734 (1858) T. incanus. 



Pseudototanus, Hume, Stray Feathers, vii. p. 488 (1878) T. guttiferus. 



Pseudoglottis, Stejneger, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1884, p. 223 T. guttiferus. 



Heteractitis, Stejneger, Auk, 1884, p. 236 T. incanus. 



Of the 17 species of Totanus now known to ornithologists only eight were known to Determina- 

 Linneus. Of these he placed five in the genus Tringa on the ground that they had only * lon cf tlle 

 one joint in the hind toe, and three in the genus Scolopax on the ground that they had 

 more than one joint in the hind toe. 



The Common Redshank {Totanus calidris), being the Scolopax totanus of Linneus, has 

 every claim to be regarded as the type of the genus. 



2 T 



