370 



TOTANTJS. 



Synonymy. Scolopax einerea, Giildenstailt, Nov. Comm. Petrop. xix. p. 473 (1774). 



Scolopax terek, Latham, Index Orn. ii. p. 724 (1790). 



Totanus javanicus, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 193 (1820). 



Scolopax sumatrana, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 327 (1822). 



Numenius cinereus {Giild.), Vieillot, Encycl. Meth., Orn. p. 1157 (1823). 



Limosa terek {Lath.), Temminck fide Horsfield, Zool. Researches in Java, Gen. Cat. p. 7 (1824). 



Fedoa terekeneis, Stephens, Shaw's Gen. Zool. xii. p. 83 (1824). 



Limicola terek {Lath.), Vieillot, Faun. Franc, p. 306 (18.25). 



Limosa recur virostra, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 181 (1826). 



Xenus cinereus {Giild.), Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 115 (1829). 



Limosa indiana, ") „ „_ _• ,,_„,, 



' ..„> [Lesson, TraiU d' Orn. p. 554 1831. 

 Limosa cmerea (Gula.), ) 



Terekia javanica {Horsfield), Bonap. Cornp. List B. Eur. §■ N. Amer. p. 52 (1838). 



Simorhynchus cmerea {Gilld.), Keyserling u. Blasius, Wirb. Eur. p. lxxiv (1840). 



Terekia javanica {Horsfield), Gray, List Gen. Birds, p. 68 (1810). 



Terekia ciuerea {Giild.), Gray, List Gen. fy Subgen. Birds, p. 83 (1811). 



Xenus terek {Lath.), Lichtenstein, Nomencl. Av. Mus. Berol. p. 91 (1854). 



Totanus cinereus {Giild.), Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Scolop. p. 77 (1864). 



Totanus terek {Lath.), Schlegel §■ Pollen, Faune Madag. ii. p. 172 (1868). 



Literature. Plates. — Gould, Birds of Australia, vi. pi. 34; Dresser, Birds of Europe, viii. pi. 572. 



Habits. — Dresser, Birds of Europe, viii. p. 195. 

 Eggs, described by Dresser on p. 200 of the above-mentioned volume. 



Specific cha- 

 racters. 



Geographi- 

 cal distribu- 

 tion. 



The Terek Sandpiper may be diagnosed by three characters : no lohite on the primaries 

 or rump, a great deal of white on the secondaries, and nothing but white on the axillaries. 



It appears to be an Arctic form of the Common Sandpiper (T. hypoleucus), though its 

 recurved bill resembles that of the Greenshank. 



The Terek Sandpiper is an Arctic species, breeding in the north of Europe and Asia 

 from lat. 66° to lat. 70°. It is not known to breed west of Archangel, but its breeding- 

 range probably extends to the Pacific, as it has been obtained on Behring Island. To 

 Western Europe it is only an accidental visitor on migration, but it is occasionally found in 

 winter in Africa, where it has occurred in Damara-Land, Natal, and the shores of the Red 

 Sea. The main line ol migration in autumn in the west is up the valleys of the Dwina and 

 the Petchora to the Volga, whence it follows the Caspian to the south coast of Asia. In 

 the east it occurs on migration on the coasts of Japan and China, and winters on all the 

 southern coasts of Asia, frequently visiting the islands of the Malay Archipelago, and 

 occasionally Australia. 



