TK1NGA. 



421 



Taimyr Peninsula, and it was observed by the Vega Expedition near Behring Straits. It 

 passes along the European coasts, the great inland lines of migration, and along the coasts 

 of China, but it has not been recorded from Kamtschatka or Japan. A few remain to 

 winter in the basin of the Mediterranean, but the majority pass on to Africa, throughout 

 which continent they are found in suitable localities, both on the coast and inland. Bohm 

 obtained it in Central Africa, west of Lake Tanganyika (Journ. Orn. 1885, p. 64). It also 

 winters on the Mekran coast, in India, Ceylon, the Andaman Islands, Burma, the islands 

 of the Malay Archipelago, and in Australia. In the arctic regions of the American 

 continent it is represented by Bonaparte's Sandpiper, a perfectly distinct, though nearly 

 allied, species. 



TRINGA CRASSIROSTRIS. 



JAPANESE KNOT. 



Tringa supracaudalibus aut albis (hiem.), aut albis nigrescente notatis (sestiv.) : rostro recto, longo Diagnosis. 

 (40 ad 46 millim.). 



No local races of this species are known. 



Tringa crassirostris, Temminck Sf Schlege!, Fauna J upon., Aves, p. 107 (1847). 

 Schoenielus magnus, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 39. 

 Tringa magna [Gould), Bonap. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 596 (1856). 

 Tringa tenuirostris (Horsfield), apud Swinhoe, Gould, l$c. 



Variations. 



Synonymy. 



Plates. — Temm. & Schlegel, Fauna Japon., Aves, pi. 64 ; Gould, Birds of Australia, vi. pi. 33 ; Literature. 



Harting, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1874, pi. lxi. 

 Habits. — Hume, Stray Feathers, 1873, p. 240. 

 Eggs. — Unknown. 



The Japanese Knot is the only Tringa with white on the upper tail-coverts which has Specific 

 a straight bill more than an inch and a half long. characters. 



In summer plumage it has no chestnut on the underparts, and the chestnut on the 

 upper parts is principally confined to the scapulars. In winter plumage the two Knots 

 scarcely differ except in size. 





Wing. 



Bill. 



Japanese Knot . 



; . 7-6 to 70 



1-8 to 1-6 



Common Knot . . 



. . 6-8 to 6-2 



1-5 to 1-1 



The measurements are inches and decimals — the wing from the carpal joint, the bill 

 from the frontal feathers. 



