428 



TRINGA. 



examples from the shores of the Atlantic are compared with those from the shores of the 

 Pacific. Out of a series of a hundred skins from all parts of its range an example shot in 

 the valley of the Petchora on the 22nd of June shows the most chestnut-red on the back 

 and scapulars. A bird shot in autumn on Formosa, in the process of moulting its 

 primaries, shows the most black on the back and scapulars, and has the longest bill j it is 

 of course in very abraded plumage. As the summer progresses not only do the chestnut 

 margins of the feathers wear off, but the black centres of each feather enlarge in size and 

 intensify in colour. The same change takes place on the feathers of the underparts. The 

 new feathers appear in April — on the throat and upper breast white with narrow central 

 dark streaks, on the lower breast and belly black with narrow white margins. In the 

 course of the summer the white margins of the feathers disappear from the belly and 

 become narrower on the throat, the dark central streaks at the same time enlarging until 

 they become very conspicuous. Two skins from Formosa, one of them the long-billed 

 example already mentioned, have the dark breast-streaks most developed ; and two skins 

 from the Kurile Islands, dated the 3rd of May, have them least developed, but not less so 

 than African skins dated the 23rd of March and the 8th of April. The latter, however, 

 are only beginning to acquire their black bellies. 



The geographical range of this race of Dunlin has already been given. 



TRINGA MARITIMA. 



PURPLE SANDPIPER. 



Diagnosis. Tringa secundariis septima, octava nonaque pro majore parte albis : pedibus pallidis. 



