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spring and autumn ; in May it assumes the beautiful red plumage of the breeding-season, in 

 which state I have often shot it in company with Stints ; I have also seen it in June, July, 

 August, and September." In Southern Germany it occurs, as elsewhere, on passage, and, 

 Dr. Fritsch writes (J. f. O. 1871, p. 387), visits Bohemia, like the Dunlin, in tolerably large flocks, 

 and specimens are preserved in most collections in that country ; formerly it was often exposed 

 for sale in the Prague market. In Transylvania, Messrs. Danford and Harvie-Brown state (Ibis, 

 1875, p. 4:22), it is " not rare during its spring migration, but less frequent in autumn. A 

 specimen in full breeding-plumage was shot during our stay at GSrgeny, on May 29th. They 

 have also been obtained at Gyeke in May, and occur in small flocks in May and June on the 

 Strell. The above-mentioned specimen is in the Klausenburg Museum." In Southern Russia 

 it is said to be a regular visitant on passage ; and it occurs commonly in Greece on passage and 

 in winter. Lord Lilford says that it is found at Corfu in great numbers, generally in full 

 breeding-plumage, about the end of May ; it doubtless occurs also on the coasts of Turkey and 

 Asia Minor ; and Canon Tristram obtained it in Palestine. 



In winter it visits Africa, ranging southward to the Cape ; and some few non-breeding birds 

 remain in North Africa, at least, all through the summer. Captain Shelley writes (B. of Egypt, 

 p. 254) : — " This species is a winter visitant in Egypt, where it is not very plentiful. I shot the 

 only specimen that I saw, at Golosaneh, on the 8th of May, and have one other specimen, pro- 

 cured for me at Alexandria in February. Its habits are similar to those of Tringa ininuta ; and 

 it may occasionally be met with in the same flock as that bird." Von Heuglin says that it occurs 

 in the autumn, winter, and spring on the Nile and its branches southwards to Kordofan, Nubia, 

 Sennaar, and Habesch ; and he also met with it in the same seasons on the north coast of Egypt ; 

 but it is much commoner on the shores of the Bed Sea and the Gulf of Aden. A few are seen all 

 through the summer at Sauakin and Massowah and the archipelago of Dahlak ; and he obtained 

 examples there both in the fullest summer dress and also in autumn plumage. On the north- 

 west side of the continent it also occurs : Loche records it as found on the coasts of Algeria in 

 winter ; and Favier states (fide Colonel Irby, I. c.) that it " passes near Tangier in April, returning 

 south in September." Pel met with it on the Gold Coast ; and it has been recorded from Gambia, 

 Casamanse, Bissao, the Gaboon, Prince's Island, and by Vernon Harcourt from Madeira. According 

 to Andersson (B. of Damara Land, p. 306), "The Curlew Sandpiper is the commonest Tringa at 

 Walwich Bay and all along the lagoons and shallows of the south-west coast, where it ranges 

 southward to Table Bay. It congregates in flocks, often of many hundreds, and not unfrequently 

 in company with the Little Stint and the Sanderling. At some hours of the day, probably when 

 changing their feeding-ground, and chiefly in the early morning, these birds are more on the 

 move than at other times ; and the air over the lagoon seems then literally to teem with their 

 myriads, presenting a most animated picture as the white portions of their plumage flash with 

 almost dazzling effect in the early tropical sunlight, especially when the brightness of the scene 

 is enhanced by the presence in the flock of a large reinforcement of Sanderlings. In the after- 

 noon, if, as is the case five clays out of seven at Walwich Bay, the wind blows strongly from the 

 south-east, these birds generally retire to some little distance from the water and seek a large 

 open flat in the immediate neighbourhood. Whilst there they are excessively shy and difficult 

 to approach; and I may add that I have observed that this temporary wildness is common to 



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