88 



2 ad. ptil. (est. minor, nee colli plumis elongatis : corpore supra pallidiore : pileo et nucha cinereo-fuscis 

 nigro-fusco notatis : mento albo : gula, gutture et pectore pallide cinereo-fuscis vix fusco notatis : 

 corpore reliquo subtus albo, hypochondriis fusco notatis. 



<3 ad. ptil. Mem. feminse similis sed major et coloribus saturatioribus. 



Juv. in ptil. autumn, feminse adulta? similis sed corpore supra plumis ochraceo-cervino marginatis : pileo et 

 collo postico cervino et ochraceo lavatis : stria superciliari cervino-albida, : mento albo : gula, gutture 

 et hypochondriis ochraceo-cervinis : corpore reliquo subtus albo : pedibus fusco-cinereis. 



Adult Male in spring (Archangel). Head and neck (the latter with the upper breast having the feathers 

 elongated, forming a conspicuous ruff or tippet) white, slightly dotted with creamy buff; back, scapulars, 

 and rump brown, varied with black, warm buff, and chestnut-ochreous ; quills blackish brown, with 

 white shafts ; the wing-coverts ashy brown ; sides of the rump nearly white ; tail ashy brown, varied 

 with chestnut-red and black ; underparts white, the breast below the ruff and the upper flanks glossy 

 blackish, marked with white ; under tail-coverts slightly marked with black ; face covered with warty 

 yellowish tubercles; bill blackish brown, fleshy at the base; iris brownish black; legs yellowish brown. 

 Total length about 125 inches, culmen 1*68, wing 71, tail 2 - 7, tarsus 2'05. 



Male in winter (Darjeeling). Differs from the summer dress in entirely lacking the ruff and tubercles on 

 the face ; the chin is whitish, the throat and neck greyish brown, varied with dark brown. 



Adult Female (Uleaborg, 26th June) . Crown, nape, and upper parts sandy brown, marked with blackish 

 brown, duller than in the male ; wings and tail as in the male ; chin whitish ; throat and breast ashy 

 brown, slightly marked with dark brown ; rest of the underparts white, the upper flanks marked like 

 the neck ; no sign of a ruff on the neck. In size much smaller than the male, measuring — culmen 1*35 

 inch, wing 5"8, tail 2 - 35, tarsus l - 6. 



Young in first autumn dress (Pagham, September). Head and neck pale buffy brown, somewhat inclining 

 to sandy colour on the crown, which is also thickly sprinkled with black, owing to the dark centres of 

 the feathers ; forehead and fore part of the cheeks whitish, minutely speckled with dots of sandy colour ; 

 sides of the face and throat, including a very distinct eyebrow, white, with little spots of brown and 

 sandy colour thinly distributed; back and scapulars brownish black with a purple gloss, with buff 

 edgings to the feathers, this colour sometimes bordering on rust-colour ; lower part of the back and 

 rump greyish brown, with a slight bronzy gloss, all the feathers margined with pale brown, becoming 

 somewhat more rufous on the upper tail-coverts ; the lateral feathers of the upper tail-coverts white, 

 grey at the base ; least wing-coverts greyish brown with bronzy lustre, the pale margins to these small 

 feathers very indistinct, but on the median coverts much more plainly edged with buffy white; primary- 

 and greater coverts dark brown, with a distinct bronzy-green lustre, the latter margined with buff, and 

 distinctly tipped with white, so as to form a distinct bar across the wing; quills greyish brown, paler 

 on the inner web; shafts white, all the feathers under a certain light glossed with dark green, the 

 secondaries edged and tipped with white, the innermost feathers very long and pointed, and very 

 distinctly margined with buffy white ; tail-feathers dark brown, with a very slight bronzy-green lustre, 

 edged and mottled with buffy white towards the apices of the feathers, all of which are tipped with 

 white, the shafts also of the latter colour; under surface of the body white; the lower part of the 

 throat and fore part of the chest sandy buff; under wing- and tail-coverts white, the former mottled 

 with greyish brown along the edge of the wing; bill blackish, with a faint tinge of flesh-colour at the 

 base of the lower mandible ; legs dark leaden-grey, with a tinge of brown ; iris deep brownish black. 



