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and East Lothian, whence they advance by easy stages to the estuaries of Aberdeenshire, their 

 last halting-place before crossing the North Sea." 



Though not uncommon in Orkney, it appears to be very rare in Shetland, where, so far as I 

 can ascertain, it has only been twice recorded by Dr. Saxby, both occurrences being in September 

 1866. 



According to Thompson it visits Ireland on passage, and is not uncommon in the autumn, 

 but rare on the spring passage. 



I do not find any record of its occurrence in Greenland ; aud it appears to have been only 

 once met with in Iceland, at Reykjavik, early in September 1820. Nor is it found in the 

 Faeroes ; but in Scandinavia it is common, and breeds, though chiefly in the northern portions 

 of the country. 



Mr. Collett informs me that it nests in Finmark up to the North Cape and Varanger fjord, 

 these being its chief breeding-grounds ; but a few breed on the Jotunfjeld and in the adjacent 

 country. There is, however, nothing to show that it ever nests in Southern Norway ; and it only 

 appears near Christiania during the two seasons of passage. 



It is common in Sweden, arriving in the southern districts in April and leaving in August. 

 It does not breed in the southern districts, but nests commonly in the north, especially in 

 portions of Lapland. 



It breeds commonly in Finnish Lapland and the north of Finland, but only rarely in Central 

 and Southern Finland. I found large numbers in the nesting-season near Uleaborg ; and it is 

 also common near Wasa and Gamla Karleby, but does not breed in any numbers. It is also 

 said to have bred near Abo, in Haliko parish. 



According to Mr. Sabanaeff it breeds throughout the northern parts of Eussia, in the 

 Governments of Jaroslaf, Tver, Kostroma, Vladimir, and the northern portion of the Moscow 

 Government. He also met with it in the Ural, where it is common in the marshes of the south- 

 eastern slopes. It probably breeds throughout the Perm Government. Artzibascheff says that 

 he saw immense flocks in the Calmuck steppes, especially on the shores of Lake Barbantzak, 

 where they were nesting. I have received many specimens from Ai'changel, where, Messrs. 

 Alston and Harvie-Brown write (Ibis, 1873, p. 69), " Buffs and Beeves were very abundant, espe- 

 cially on the outer islands. We obtained eggs on the 22nd and 26th of June, nests having been 

 found both in marshy ground and in sand amongst bent. Young birds, with slight traces of down 

 remaining on the neck, were obtained on the night of 16-17th July." Messrs. Seebohm and 

 Harvie-Brown, who met with it on the Petchora, write (Ibis, 1876, p. 292) as follows: — "A Buff 

 was brought to us for sale at Ust Zylma on the 30th May; and when we visited the marsh 

 behind Habariki, on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th June, Buffs were going in small flocks. At the latter 

 locality we procured the first eggs, on the 12th June. Descending the river we saw Buffs at 

 their 'hills' on the 17th June, and procured eggs as late as the 27th on an island opposite 

 Stanavoialachta. Flocks of Buffs were seen frequenting the marshy estuary of a small river, on 

 the tundra opposite Alexievka, on the 9th July ; and the autumn plumage was fully assumed by 

 the 29th July, when we shot a Buff at Dvoinik out of a flock in the same plumage in which they 

 are shot in this country in September. Buffs and Beeves were abundant on the islands, but 

 comparatively scarce, or local, on the tundra." Mr. Taczanowski says that it breeds in tolerable 



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