102 



Adult in summer (Norfolk coast) . Crown, nape, back, and scapulars richly varied with black and rusty red, 

 the centre of the feathers being black and the margins rusty red ; rump dull ashy grey, marked with 

 blackish grey, some of the upper tail-coverts coloured like the back; tail grey, the central rectrices 

 blackish grey, and the outermost ones nearly white ; quills blackish, the shafts white, and on the inner 

 web externally and towards the base nearly white, the short secondaries white on the basal, and dark 

 grey on the terminal portion ; wing-coverts dark ashy grey, edged with light grey or dull white, and 

 slightly marked with rufous; sides of the head, throat, and upper breast light rufous, marked with 

 black ; rest of the underparts pure white ; bill and legs blackish ; iris dark brown. Total length about 

 7 inches, culmen 1 - 15, wing 4"85, tail 2'05, tarsus 1*0. 



Adult in winter (Baluchistan, 22nd January). General colour of upper parts light grey, and of under- 

 parts white, without any trace of rufous ; upper parts generally light cinereous, the feathers centrally 

 with darker stripes ; wing and tail as in the summer dress, but the grey is lighter, and there is no trace 

 of rufous in the former ; forehead, sides of the head, in front of the eye, throat, and entire underparts 

 pure white. 



Immature bird in autumn plumage (New Jersey) . Crown blackish, marked with yellowish white ; sides of 

 the head white, faintly streaked with grey ; a small black mark before the eye ; upper parts black, 

 spotted and marked with white and pale buffy white ; upper tail-coverts washed with brownish buff ; 

 otherwise as in winter dress. 



Young in half down (Grinnell Land, lat. 82° 50' N., 8th August) . Differs from the young in autumn dress 

 in having the upper parts much darker, the markings smaller, and warm rufous buff instead of white ; 

 the head, throat, and neck have remains of down on them ; and the lower throat and sides of the neck 

 are washed with warm buff. 



Like the Knot and the Grey Plover, the Sanderling passes the breeding-season far north in both 

 the Old and the New World, migrating southward as soon as the young are able to leave, and, 

 during the winter season, straggling as far south as Southern Africa, and to Chili on the 

 American continent. 



With us in Great Britain it is only found during passage and in winter, more rarely, 

 however, at the latter season, as the major portion of those which visit our shores appear to 

 pass further south for the winter. I have shot specimens on various parts of the south coast 

 of England, where it is met with regularly ; and on the east coast it is also of not unfrequent 

 occurrence. In the Humber district, Mr. Cordeaux states (B. of Humber Dist. p. 98), it " arrives 

 in August, and occasionally as early as the last week in July. They may generally be found in 

 greater or less numbers on the coast during the winter and throughout the following spring, 

 departing finally for their distant breeding-stations in the far north, wherever these may be, 

 towards the end of May ; and as the old birds accompanied by their young are back with us in 

 August, it leaves but a short time for the duties of incubation and the growth of the young." 

 Mr. J. Hancock says that it is plentiful on the coasts of Northumberland and Durham in autumn, 

 but much rarer in the winter. He names an instance of one having been shot in the summer 

 of 1833 or 1834, and eggs supposed to have belonged to it having been taken; but, as he says, 

 there must have been some mistake about it. He says that he has shot this species in full 

 summer dress at Burgh Marsh, Cumberland, on the 30th of May, at which time it was in flocks. 



