147 



dantly, Professor Nordmann says, in Bessarabia; and Mr. H. Goebel says (J. f. O. 1871, p. 140) 

 that it breeds in the Uman district. In Asia Minor and Palestine it is met with on passage and 

 in winter ; and in Africa it ranges as far south as Natal. Von Heuglin says that it is a winter 

 visitant to North-east Africa, and is met with less frequently on the coast than near fresh water. 

 It wanders southwards to Abyssinia, Sennaar, Kordofan, and the Bahr-el-Abiad ; and in Habesch 

 is found at an altitude of 10,000 feet in marshy places and on the banks of streams. A few, he 

 adds, remain over summer on the Nile. Captain Shelley writes (B. of Egypt, p. 259) : — " In 

 its visits it appears to be somewhat irregular; for although in 1870 and 1871 I found it one of 

 the most abundant of the wading birds in Lower Egypt and the Fayoom, and also shot several 

 in Nubia, in 1868 I did not fall in with it once, to my knowledge, above Cairo; and Mr. E. C. 

 Taylor also found it rare during his visits." In Algeria it is said to be less common than the 

 Green Sandpiper, but is by no means rare. Mr. Taczanowski found it common at Fezzara ; and 

 Mr. J. H. Gurney, jun., remarks (Ibis, 1871, p. 299) that it was commoner south of the Tell, and 

 that he found it tamer than the Green Sandpiper. Mr. C. F. Tyrwhitt-Drake met with it near 

 Laraiche, in Morocco ; and Colonel Irby says (Orn. Str. Gibr. p. 167) that there were plenty to 

 be seen towards the end of April at the lakes of Pas Dowra and other swamps in that country. 

 It has been recorded from various parts of West and South Africa — Senegambia, the Gold Coast, 

 Gaboon, Casamanze, Benguela, &c. Captain Shelley found it common at Durban. Mr. Andersson 

 says (B. of Damara Land, p. 303), it " is not a common bird in Damara and Great Namaqua 

 Land ; but now and then small flocks are to be met with at inland springs, streams, and marshes ; 

 in some seasons it was frequently obtained at Objimbinque, and I also found it not uncommon 

 in Ondonga;" and he adds that he believes it sometimes remains there to breed. Mr. E. L. 

 Layard, remarking that Mr. Ayres found it at Natal, says that he never met with it except about 

 Zoetendals Vley, where he observed it in November 1865. I possess a specimen from the Cape 

 colony sent by Mr. Layard during the latter part of his sojourn at the Cape. Mr. J. H. Gurney 

 has received it from Natal; and Dr. Kirk says (Ibis, 1861, p. 332) that it was numerous in the 

 marshes and on the sandbanks of the river Shire, in the Zambesi country. 



In Asia it is found as far east as Japan. Messrs. Blanford and St. John met with it in 

 South-eastern Persia and Baluchistan; and Dr. Severtzoff states that it breeds in Turkestan. 

 According to Dr. Jerdon (B. of India, ii. p. 698) the present species is very common throughout 

 all India in the cold season, is sometimes seen alone, frequently in very small parties by the grassy 

 sides of tanks and in paddy-fields or damp meadows, being, as Colonel Irby correctly observes, 

 more a Marsh-Sandpiper than the other two species. Mr. Holdsworth says that in Ceylon he 

 found it exceedingly abundant in all wet places, and has counted as many as twenty round a 

 small pool at Aripo during the rains. Mr. Wardlaw-Ramsay also met with it in Burmah. 



It is found throughout Siberia ; and Kittlitz records it from Kamtschatka. Von Middendorff 

 says that it arrived on the Boganida (70° N. lat.) on the 29th May (O. S.), and breeds there 

 commonly. On the 12th May he observed it in marshy places on the west slope of the Stanowoi 

 Mountains, but did not observe it again until he reached Udskoj Ostrog, where, as also on the 

 sea-coast and on the large Schantar Island, he met with it. Von Schrenck met with it all along 

 the Amoor, though less numerous than the Greenshank ; and Dr. G. Radde obtained specimens 

 at the Tarei-nor and on the eastern slope of the Southern Apfelgebirge. Messrs. Dybowski and 



3m 



