168 



He also met with it at Pavda, in the Ural, as also in the southern portion of the Ekaterinburg 

 district ; but it is, he adds, one of the rarest of the Sandpipers. 



In North Germany it is a migrant, passing in the spring on its way to its breeding-grounds, 

 and again in the autumn on" its way south, but is not common. Mr. C. Vangerow says that it 

 is not common in Prussia ; Von Negelein also speaks of it as being rare in Oldenburg ; and 

 Borggreve adds that the same may be said respecting its occurrence throughout the whole of 

 North Germany, Westphalia, &c; but he himself found it common at Oderbruch during 

 passage. In Denmark, Mr. Benzon writes, "it occurs not unfrequently during passage, but 

 never remains to breed. Small flocks may be seen on the shores in all the Danish provinces 

 in August and September ; and stragglers are even seen late in July. Should the season be an 

 early one, many of the birds are still in summer plumage ; but those which arrive later have 

 white feathers on the breast. It is said that the spring passage takes place late in April ; but 

 in any case but few pass through Denmark on their way north to breed; for I know of no 

 specimen shot here in the spring, whereas I possess many both young and old birds obtained 

 after the breeding-season, which, I take it, is from the end of May to the end of June, as I 

 possess eggs from Lapland taken at different times from the 30th May to the 22nd June." On 

 the Dutch coast and in Belgium it occurs during passage. Baron von Droste Hiilshoff says that 

 in some seasons it occurs numerously, whereas in others it is altogether wanting. In September 

 1864 it was common on the Island of Borkum, and was not seen there again until 1868. 

 Mr. Labouchere informs me that it is met with on the muddy shores of the Zuiderzee, in 

 Holland; and, according to Baron De Selys-Longchamps, it is not uncommon in Belgium 

 during passage, and has been met with in the marshes of Flanders and on the Moselle. In 

 France, Messrs. Degland and Gerbe write, it is more frequently observed on the spring passage, 

 when specimens are usually caught in nets between Douai and Cambrai, and near Abbeville ; 

 but it is rarely obtained in breeding-dress. Professor Barboza du Bocage records it from 

 Portugal as rare; and in Spain it is said to occur during the two seasons of migration, but 

 Colonel Irby never obtained a specimen. Mr. Howard Saunders, however, says (Ibis, 1871, 

 p. 387) that it is a regular but not a numerous winter visitant, and he procured a fine female 

 at Malaga in the month of March. Herr A. von Homeyer mentions (J. f. O. 1862, p. 428) that 

 he observed it in the Balearic Isles, but not later than the end of May. 



In Savoy it is said by Bailly to appear in small numbers in the spring, and again, though 

 less commonly, in the autumnal passage ; and it also passes through Italy, but does not appear to 

 winter on the mainland, although, according to Salvadori, some few individuals remain over the 

 winter in Sicily and Sardinia; and Mr. A. B. Brooke writes (Ibis, 1873, p. 338) that he "saw a 

 few single birds about the stagnos of St. Giusta, near Oristano, during the beginning of March ;" 

 and Mr. C. A. Wright says that it is most often seen at Malta from March to May. 



In Southern Germany it is said by Dr. A. Fritsch (J. f. O. 1871, p. 389) to be common 

 during the autumn passage, in the months of September and October, on the lakes near Frauen- 

 berg and Pardubic, in Bohemia, but in the spring it rarely passes through that country. In 

 Greece it is said by Von der Miihle to occur during the winter ; but Lindermayer states that it is 

 merely an occasional visitant during the two seasons of passage, and, according to Dr. Kriiper, 

 the specimens in the Athens Museum were obtained in March, April, and May. Captain 



