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regular double passage, but it differs from all the other species of the family in the much fewer 

 numbers appearing during the autumnal than the vernal migration. Its course of flight, too, 

 both in spring and autumn differs from that of its congeners." We may, however, here remark 

 that Mr. Harting informs us that " the reverse of this is the case in the south of England, where 

 the flocks are always much larger in autumn than in spring, and composed of young birds ; this 

 tends to prove that the birds which pass northward in the spring to breed return southward in 

 the autumn by a different route." 



It has occurred in various parts of Greenland; and Professor Bernhardt writes that six 

 examples were sent to his late father in the years 1831-35, and that he himself has seen five or 

 six which were sent from various parts of that country. There is no instance of its having bred 

 there, though the learned Professor appears to think that it may do so. In Iceland it is, according 

 to Professor Newton, " very common, and one of the most characteristic birds of Iceland. Arrives 

 at the end of April, breeds on the moors, and departs by the middle of September. The late 

 Prince C. L. Bonaparte considered that the specimens of a Numenius obtained on his cousin's 

 expedition to Iceland and Greenland, were distinct from the common N. phceopus (Comptes 

 Rendus, 2 AotU, 1856, xliii. p. 1021). I agree with Professor Reinhart (Ibis, 1861, p. 10) in 

 doubting this." In the Faeroes it breeds numerously. Captain Feilden, in writing on the 

 ornithology of those islands, says that Svabo mentions that they arrive about the middle of 

 April, and depart by the 29th of September. Herr Muller has seen some as late as the 3rd of 

 October. In Norway its breeding-haunts are, Mr. Collett writes, " north of the fell-range ; and it 

 is especially numerous near Trondhjems fjord, as also within the Polar circle, on Lofoten, and in 

 Vesteraalen, and is found here and there in East Finmark, up to the Russian frontier. South of 

 the Dovre it occurs in the Jotun fells [Barth), in Valders (Printz), and is tolerably well distributed 

 on the sides of the fells in the Christiansand district, as at Aaseral. It only visits the western 

 and southern coasts during migration. A flock of young birds which remained over winter was 

 seen on Romerike in the winter of 1839-40, and several were shot." Nilsson gives its range in 

 Sweden as " common in the northern parts during the summer, ranging then up to the Polar 

 circle, and on the fells as high as the pine-growth extends ; in the autumn and spring it is found 

 throughout the central and southern provinces on the coasts." It has not been met with on 

 Spitzbergen, though it occurs up to the extreme northern portions of Scandinavia. In Finland, 

 Professor Malmgren informs us, it is commoner than the Curlew, and breeds numerously from 

 64° N. lat. northwards, and is common at Kajana in 64^° N. lat. Dresser also met with it near 

 Uleaborg and Tornea. With regard to its range in Russia, we are informed by Mr. Meves that 

 he observed it on Lake Onega in June, and on the forest-morasses at Sommarudden, near 

 Archangel. Mr. Sabaniieff also writes that " in Central Russia this is the commonest Curlew ; 

 and, strange to say, it is in the north less rare than N. arquatus. In the Ural it is met with as far 

 north as Parda (60° N. lat.), and is very common on the Bashkir plains. It breeds on the high 

 plains in the Ural, at Kashu, Mazepetroffsk, and on the white steppes." Though occurring on 

 the shores of the Baltic provinces, it is, Mr. Taczanowski writes, " rare in Poland, and only 

 occasional : during the time I have carried a gun here I have seen it three or four times, but 

 I never shot one. It does not breed in the marshes in the northern parts of the Government 

 of Volhynia. Tyzenhaus thinks that it breeds in Lithuania. Professor Kessler says this bird is 



