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Through Scandinavia it is common. As regards its range in Norway, my friend Mr. E. 

 Collett states that this bird "is found in large numbers on the coast about Trondhjem-Stift, and 

 throughout Nordland. It is a common summer visitant all along the coast from Lindesnces to 

 the Russian frontier, and is also found in Lapland on most of the extensive moors, which are 

 overgrown with Eubus chamcemorus and JErwphorum. It is very rarely met with inland, but is 

 found on the high plateaux of the Jotunfjelds, from 3000 to 4000 feet above the level of the sea. 

 These birds only frequent the lowlands during the seasons of migration. Occasionally specimens 

 are found wintering on the low shores of the western coast, on the flats and sand bars covered 

 with sea-weed and left bare by the receding tide. On visiting the west coast in the summer 

 time, it will be found that a large number of these birds are not engaged .in the business of 

 incubation, but roam in small flocks from shore to shore the whole summer through. These 

 individuals are doubtless only the young of the preceding year : from this we may gather that 

 most of the Waders and Natatores are not in a condition to breed in their first year." 



Bahr likewise writes that the Curlew sometimes winters in Norway, on the coasts of Jcederen. 

 I myself have found the Curlew in most parts of Sweden, and in Finland common in all suitable 

 localities. In Northern Russia it is by no means rare up to the shores of the White Sea. Mr. 

 Sabanaeff records it from the Ural, where, however, he did not meet with it on the eastern slope 

 further north than 57° N. lat. " It is rare," he writes, "near Ekaterinbourg, but very numerous 

 on the steppes near Shadrinsk." Mr. Taczanowski has kindly sent me a few notes on its occurrence 

 in Russia and Poland, in which latter country, he writes, " it is common during migration, and 

 breeds in the marshes of the eastern parts of the country, but everywhere in small numbers ; and 

 if there are several pairs in one part they keep at a certain distance from each other. It is much 

 more numerous in the marshy districts of Russia, and especially in the steppes covered with thick 

 grass. Aksakoff, in his ' Notes of a Sportsman in the Government of Orenbourg,' amongst other 

 interesting details, writes as follows : — ' In my youth, when travelling through the steppes, I have 

 met with enormous bands of Curlews (in the Government of Orenbourg and Simbirsk) arriving 

 from all sides, which followed me several versts, augmenting continually in numbers by new 

 arrivals, in order to attract me from their nests. The air was filled with the sound of their 

 sonorous and lively whistling, some tumbling before the horses, others along the road, and some 

 perched on a post. One could kill as many as he wanted, as new birds continually appeared, 

 which were not yet frightened. I was very often puzzled ; for, ardent sportsman as I was, I have 

 killed so many of them that, not being able to pack them away, and not knowing what to do, I 

 determined not to shoot any more ; but new birds arrived, even bolder than the preceding ones, 

 and again the game collected around me.' The small species (-ZV. tenuirostris) is the most 

 courageous, and is most attached to its offspring ; the Whimbrel is more timid ; and the Curlew 

 does not, as a rule, approach near man, but keeps at a respectful distance from the gun, flying 

 round the enemy." 



In North Germany, according to Borggreve, it occurs regularly in Silesia and Anhalt during 

 migration ; it has twice been found breeding in Mecklenburg ; Von Negelein records it as having 

 bred in Oldenburg ; and Borggreve himself found the nest in Minister. According to Mr. A. von 

 Homeyer a few breed in Pomerania, at Triebsee on the Trebel moor ; and he there took a nest, 

 containing four eggs, on the 12th of May, 1845. The nest was on the open moor, on a some- 



