30 



STEENA CANTIACA. 



(SANDWICH TERN.) 



Sandwich Tern, Lath. Syn. iii. pt. 2, p. 356. no. 9 (1785). 



lAfrican Tern, Lath. torn. cit. p. 354. no. 5 (1785). 



Sterna cantiaca, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. p. 606 (1788, ex Lath.). 



Sterna africana, Gmel. torn. cit. p. 605 (1788, ex Lath.). 



Sterna sandvicensis, Boys, Nat. Hist, and Antiquities of Sandwich, p. 851, pi. (1789 1). 



Sterna boysii, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 804 (1790). 



Sterna columbina, Schrank, Fauna Boica, i. p. 252. no. 215 (1798). 



Sterna stubberica, Bechst. Gemeinn. Naturg. Deutschl. iv. p. 679 (1809), 



Sterna canescens, Meyer, Taschenb. deutsch. Vogelk. ii. p. 458 (1810). 



Thalasseus cantiacus (Gm.), Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 563. 



Actochelidon, Kaup (Sterna cantiaca, Gm.), Natiirl. Syst. p. 31 (1829). 



Thalasseus canescens (Mey.), C. L. Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 776 (1831). 



Thalasseus candicans, C. L. Brehm, op. cit. p. 777 (1831). 



Sterna acufiavida, Cabot, Proc. Bost. Soc. ii. p. 257 (1847). 



Thalasseus Pauli de Wurttemberg, C. L. Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 346 (1855). 



Thalasseus acuflavidus (Cab.), Coues, Proc. Phil. Ac. 1862, p. 540. 



Actochelidon cantiaca (Gm.), Gray, Hand4. of B. iii. p. 119 (1871). 



Actochelidon acuflavida (Cabot), Gray, Hand-1. of B. iii. p. 119 (1871). 



Hirondelle de mer Caugek, French ; Golondrina de mar pogada, Spanish ; Beccapesci, Italian ; 

 Brand-Meerschwalbe, Kentische Meerschwalbe, German; groote Zeezwaluw, Dutch; Ken- 

 tish Terne, Danish. 



Figurce notabiles. 



Werner, Atlas, Palmipedes, pi. 2 ; Kjgerb. Orn. Dan. taf. 51 a ; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. 

 taf. 250; Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl. pi. 78. fig. 4; Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 415; id. B. of G. 

 Brit. v. pi. 69; Schlegel, Vog. Nederl. pi. 359; Audub. B. of Am. pi. 431. 



Ad. ptil. (est. fronte, pileo et pilei lateribus cum nucha nitide nigris, plumis in nucha, elongatis : dorso et alis 

 supra pallide cserulescenti-cinereis : remigibus albis, primariis in pogonio interno intus fumoso-cinereis 

 et primario primo in pogonio externo nigricanti-griseo, reliquis extus pallide margaritaceis : cauda, 

 margaritaceo-alba : corpore reliquo albo : rostro nigro, flavo terminato : iride fusca : pedibus nigris. 



Ad. ptil. Mem. pileo haud nigro, sed fronte alba, et pileo postico cum nucha albis profuse nigro guttatis : ante 

 oculum vitta nigra, : corpore reliquo, alis et cauda, sicut in ptilosi eestivali picturatis. 



Adult Male in summer (Turkey, April). Forehead, crown, nape, and sides of the crown to below the eye 

 glossy black, tbe feathers on the nape elongated ; a white line is left from the nostril along the edge of 

 the upper mandible ; entire mantle pale French or pearl-grey ; quills white, the primaries with a broad 



3s 



