369 



LAKITS ICHTHYAETUS. 



(GREAT BLACK-HEADED GULL.) 



Grama ridibunda phcenicopos, S. G. Gmelin, Reise durch Russl. i. p. 152 (1770). 



Lanes ichthyaetus, Pall. It. ii. App. no. 27 (1776). 



Larus ichthyaetus, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. ii. p. 322 (1811-1831). , 



Ichthyaetus pallasii, Kaup, Nat. Syst. p. 102 (1829). 



Xema ichthyaetus, Bp. B. of Eur. p. 62 (1838). 



Larus Jcroikocephalus, Jameson, Journ. As. Soc. viii. p. 242. 



Kro'ikocephalus ichthyaetus, Jerdon, B. of Ind. ii. p. 831 (1863). 



Cliroicocephalus ichthyaetos, Swinh. P. Z. S. p. 327 (1863). 



Larus ichthyaetus minor, Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, p. 34 (1863). 



Rybak, Gluchar, Russian ; Charabalta, Tartar (fide Pallas). 



Figures notabiles. ■ 



S. G. Gmel. torn. cit. pis. 30, 31 ; Riippell, Atlas, pi. 17; Gould, B. of E. pi. 435; Bree, 

 B. of Eur. vol. iv. 



6 ad. albus : capite colloque superiore nigris, supra et sub oculum macula alba : dorso, scapularibus tectrici- 

 busque alarum stragulum formantibus pallide cserulescenti-cinereis : remigibus albis, primario externo 

 in pogonio externo fere ad apicem nigro, primariis omnibus fascia nigra ante apicem transfasciatis sed 

 in primariis intimis ad maculam nigram diminuta : secundariis externis albis, intimis cserulescenti- 

 cinereis, conspicue albido apicatis : rostro flavo, fascia subapicali nigra et pone apicem rubro notata : 

 pedibus flavis : iride brunnea : marginibus palpebrarum miniatis. 



Juv. ptil. Mem. albus : stragulo ut in adulto, pileo imo et collo postico griseo-fusco striatis : primariis nigris, 

 ad basin et apicem albis : primario externo macula ovata alba in pogonio interno : cauda, alba, fascia 

 subapicali nigra, rostro saturate flavo ante apicem nigro transfasciato. 



Pullus. lanugine indutus, supra saturate griseo-albus, capite et collo paullo grisescentioribus : subtus albus, 

 collo hypochondriisque vix griseo lavatis : rostro nigrescente, ad apicem flavo. 



Male (Volga, May). Entire head and upper part of the neck jet-black; above and below the eye a white 

 spot; lower part of the neck, upper part of the back, tail, and entire underparts pure white; back, 

 wing-coverts, and entire mantle pale French-grey ; quills white ; first primary black, on the outer web 

 black nearly to the tip, where it is crossed by a broad black bar ; remaining primaries with a sub- 

 terminal black bar ; secondaries French grey, broadly tipped with white, the outermost ones being pure 

 white ; beak yellow, with a broad red patch crossing it, and a black bar near the tip ; gape and eyelids 

 vermilion; legs yellow; irides dark brown. Total length 27 inches, culmen 3 - 4, wing 18 - 8, tail 7 - 5, 

 tarsus 2'8. 



Young Male in winter (El Kab). Differs from the adult in having the head and neck white, marked with 

 oblong dashes of ashy brown; primaries chiefly black, being only white at the base and the tip, the 

 first primary having, however, a small oval spot on the inner web, the second having a similar but very 



