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Governments of Jaroslaf, Tver, and Perm he met with numerous colonies of this Gull. Eversmann 

 states that it is very common on the Volga and Ural, and is also found on the lakes in the 

 Kirghis steppes." According to Mr. Sabanaeff's experience it breeds on the mossy fens, and 

 deposits four eggs. According to Meyer it is common on all the Livonian inland lakes, as, for 

 instance, the Peipus and Burtnek lakes. It is numerous on the coasts of Prussia ; and Borggreve 

 states that it is the commonest Gull on the German coasts of the Baltic, breeding in small colonies 

 on the little islands. During the time of migration it is common on the North Sea, but does not 

 remain over the winter. In Denmark it is, we are informed by Mr. Benzon, a very common 

 species, and breeds on the shores of most of the small islands in the Cattegat and the Baltic, but 

 is rarer on the west coasts. In the autumn and winter it is to be met with seeking after food on 

 the meadows and near the fresh water. According to Professor Kjserbolling it breeds on Hesselo, 

 Hjortholm, Veiro, on the islands in the Isefjord, Lseso, Rodsand, Hirtsholmen, Muusholm, Agerso, 

 and Egholm. It is met with along the coast of the North Sea ; and Baron von Droste Hiilshoff 

 states that it is found on the coast of East Friesland and the islands throughout the year, but 

 does not breed there, at least not on Rottum and Borkum. In May and June he observed 

 numbers in scarcely full plumage in company with other Gulls, but in July and August they 

 became less numerous. Many are found there during the winter. Baron de Selys-Longchamps 

 writes that it is very common in winter on the Belgian coast and on the Escaut as far as Antwerp. 

 On the Meuse and in the interior of Belgium it only occurs after tempests. M. Hollandre records 

 one instance of its occurrence on the Moselle in winter. During the autumn and winter it is 

 very common on the shores of France. It is the most common species at these seasons on the 

 coast of Dunquerque during a northerly or north-easterly gale, and especially so before a tempest. 

 It breeds, Degland and Gerbe state, on the coasts and in the rocks near Cherbourg, and occa- 

 sionally near Boulogne. Jaubert and Barthelemy-Lapommeraye state that it arrives in the south 

 of France in September, and leaves again in February ; and Mr. Howard Saunders records it 

 from Spain as " a winter visitant, and by no means a numerous one;" but Major Irby found it 

 common in the straits of Gibraltar in winter. Professor Barboza du Bocage includes it in his 

 list of the birds of Portugal, with a query. Passing eastward, again, we find it occurring along 

 the coasts of the Mediterranean. Salvadori met with it on the east coast of Corsica and Sardinia, 

 where they follow the ships in large numbers to pick up the refuse cast overboard. It is true 

 that they are only seen in the Gulf of Cagliari in severe weather ; but it is difficult to say why. 

 Mr. C. A. Wright records it from Malta, and further states that Schembri says it is common 

 there in the autumn and winter. Lord Lilford writes that it is " not uncommon in winter in 

 Corfu and Epirus. I saw one of this species pursue, capture, and devour a Redshank at Petala, 

 in February 1858 ;" and in Greece it is, according to Lindermayer, tolerably numerous from the 

 autumn to the spring, and numbers frequent the populous harbours. Messrs. Elwes and Buckley, 

 though they did not procure any specimens, write that they have little doubt that they saw it 

 both on the Black Sea and the Gulf of Volo. Professor von Nordmann states that it " is found 

 all along the coast of the Euxine, where it remains through the winter;" and Menetries records 

 it as the commonest Gull on the Caspian. It occurs on the coast of Asia Minor ; and we have a 

 specimen shot near Smyrna, and sent to us by Dr. Kriiper, labelled Larus lieinei, which we con- 

 sider to be true Larus canus. 



