LAKUS EIISCUS. 



(LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL.) 



Le Gotland gris, Briss. Orn. vi. p. 162 (1760). 



Larus fuscus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 225 (1766). 



Larus flavipes, Meyer, Taschenb. deutsch. Vogelk. ii. p. 469, frontisp. (1810). 



Larus cinereus, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. &c. Brit. Mus. p. 401 (1816). 



Leucus fuscus, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 86 (1829). 



Laroides melanotos, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 747 (1831). 



Laroides harengorum, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 748 (1831). 



Laroides fuscus, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 749 (1831). 



Dominicanus fuscus, Bruch, J. f. O. 1853, p. 100. 



Clupeilarus fuscus, Bonap. Consp. Av. ii. p. 220 (1857). 



Goeland a pieds jaunes, French ; Heringsmbive, German ; kleine Mantelmeeuiv, Dutch ; 

 Alcatraz, Portuguese ; Zafferano mezzo mow, Italian ; Sildemaage, Strandmdge, Danish ; 

 LikJca (adult), Skuri, Likkaskuri (young), Fseroese (Benzon) ; Sildemaage, Norwegian ; 

 Sillmdse, Swedish ; Syeldielow, Bussian ; Merva zoltonoga, Polish. 



Figures notabiles. 



Buff. PI. Enl. ix. pi. 990 ; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. x. taf. 267 ; Gould, B. Eur. v. pi. 431 ; 

 Kjserb. Orn. Dan. xlii. fig. 2 ; Schl. Vog. Nederl. pis. 345, 346 ; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. 

 tab. 56. fig. 7. 



Ad. pileo colloque undique et corpore subtus toto albis : dorso toto alisque cinereo-nigricantibus, vix brun- 

 nescente lavatis : primariis nigris, his anguste, secundariis latius albo terminatis, primario primo sub- 

 terminaliter albo maculato : uropygio cum supracaudalibus caudaque pure albis : subalaribus albis, 

 imis cineraceo lavatis. 



Juv. cinerascenti-brunneus, saturatiore brunneo notatus : secundariis intimis albo apicaliter marginatis : pileo 

 colloque undique albis, plumis medialiter brunneis, quasi striatis : subtus albus, hypochondriis et sub- 

 caudalibus cinerascenti-brunneo notatis : subalaribus brunneis, albo notatis et irregulariter transfas- 

 ciatis : primariis brunneis, baud albo notatis : cauda. apicaliter brunnea, basaliter alba brunneo notata. 



Adult Male (Oland, May 29tb, 1869). Head, neck, tail, and entire underparts pure white; back and wings 

 black, the former faintly washed with slate ; first primary with a white bar near the tip, the remaining 

 primaries being narrowly tipped with white; secondaries broadly tipped with white, and becoming 

 greyish towards the white tip ; edge of the wing white ; bill light yellow, tbe under mandible with a 

 bright-red patch towards the tip; iris straw-colour; the edge of the eyelids rich vermilion-red ; legs 

 and feet yellow. Total length 21-5 inches, culmen 2 - 4, wing 157, tail 6 - 0, tarsus 2 - l. 



Female. Similar to the male. 



2b2 



