427 



LAEUS MAKINUS. 



(GREATER BLACK-BACKED GULL.) 



Larus marinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 225. no. 6 (1766). 



Larus ncevius, Linn. torn. cit. p. 225. no. 5 (1766). 



Le Goeland a manteau noir, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ois. viii. p. 405. 



Le Goeland varie, Buffon, torn. cit. p. 413. 



Larus albus, P. L. S. Miiller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 108. no. 2 (1776). 



Larus maculatus, Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl. p. 16 (1783). 



Larus marinus (L.), Kaup, Entw.-Gesch. eur. Thierw. p. 86 (1829). 



Larus maximus, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 728 (1831). 



Larus mulleri, Brehm, op. cit. p. 729 (1831). 



Larus fabricii, Brehm, op. cit. p. 730 (1831). 



Dominicanus marinus (L.), Bruch, Cab. Journ. p. 100 (1853). 



Cobb, Carrion-Gull, Farspach, English; Goeland a manteau noir, French; Mantel-Mowe, 

 German ; Svartbag, Sort, Havemaage, Gaasemaage, Aalemaage, Danish ; Haf strut, 

 Swedish ; Havmaage, Norwegian ; SvartbeaJcur, Fseroese ; Veidibjalla, Kaflabringr, Ice- 

 landic; Waijardluk, Greenlandic. 



Figurce notabiles. 



Albin, Nat. Hist. Birds, iii. 94 ; D'Aubenton, PL Enl. 266 ; Audubon, Birds Amer. 450 ; 

 Gould, Birds Eur. 430 ; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. 268, 269. 



cf test, albus, dorso et alis plumbeo-nigris : primariis nigerrimis, omnibus albo terminatis, primario secundo 

 versus apicem albo transfasciato, internis pogonio intemo plumbeo lavatis, fascia subapicali nigra : 

 secundariis fere omnibus et scapularibus longissimis albo terminatis : alula spuria et campterio alari et 

 tectricibus omnibus subalaribus albis : rostro lsete ilavo, mandibula, macula subapicali sanguined : 

 pedibus griseo-carneis : iride grisea corylina. 



Av. annot. ad. similis sed grisescentior, capite fusco striato, et cauda, versus apicem fusco variegata. 



Juv. albus, capite superiore et collo, dorso, tectricibus alarum minoribus et scapularibus fusco variegatis : 

 uropygio albicantiore : remigibus quinque externis nigris, sexto albo anguste terminato, reliquis albo 

 variegatis, tectricibus alarum majoribus albo striate terminatis, subalaribus et axillaribus albo fuscoque 

 variis : cauda alM, macuM irregular! fusco-nigra subterminali maculisque ejusdem coloris variegatd ; 

 subtiis albus, abdomine pallide fusco variegato : rostro flavo, versus apicem fulvescente. 



Ptil. Mem. similis sestivali, sed capite summo indistincte pallide fusco striate 



Fern, mari similis, sed minor, rostro minore. 



Adult Male in summer (Uddevalla, Sweden, 6th April). Head, neck, tail, and entire underparts pure white; 

 entire mantle black, with a tinge of dark slate ; primaries black, washed with slate on the inner web, 



