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&c. On Aland it remains over winter. Sometimes it is found in the interior, having probably 

 straggled out of its course on passage. Lieutenant Bosin observed it in April 1849 in Hanko ; 

 Mr. J. von Wright in Rautalampi in the spring of 1845 and 1846, and in May 1847. A young 

 bird was shot near Kuopio on the 22nd November 1870, and another on the 3rd December in 

 the same year at Tiittala waterfall, near Nyslott. According to Nylander one was shot near 

 Uleaborg in the autumn of 1853. In Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya the present species is 

 generally distributed and common. Professor Newton, who, however, remarks that it was not 

 so numerous in Spitsbergen as the Kittiwake, says (Ibis, 1865, p. 509) that it "probably ranges 

 along the entire coast of the country. Sir James Ross states that it was abundant on the shores 

 of Low Island, though it was not seen to the north of lat. 81°. My friends, who went to the 

 eastward from the Thousand Islands, met with many young birds, half-fledged, at one spot at 

 least ; and our pilot told me it was found breeding by the boat's crew who visited Giles's Land 

 in 1859." Von Heuglin, who records it from Novaya Zemlya, says that it is tolerably common 

 southward as far as the Yugorsky Straits, and it is found on the shores of Northern Russia. 

 Messrs. Seebohm and Harvie-Brown, who met with it on the Petchora river, write (Ibis, 1876, 

 p. 453) as follows : — " Our first acquaintance with the Glaucous Gull in the North of Russia 

 was made on the night of the 13-14th July, when we landed upon No. 4 of the Golaievskai 

 group of islands. Here we shot several old birds, and secured specimens of the young in down, 

 which latter, upon comparison, resemble the young of the Siberian Herring-Gull, but, as might 

 have been expected, have fewer and fainter dark markings on the back. The nests were heaps 

 of sand hollowed slightly at the apex; and a few irregular disposed tufts of coarse seaweed 

 formed the only lining. Seaweed and small drift wood were the only materials on the low 

 almost perfectly level sandbank which the birds could choose from. Afterwards we saw 

 Glaucous Gulls commonly along the shore at Dvoinik, and shot specimens from the deck of 

 the wrecked sloop." According to Borggreve its visits to the north coasts of Germany are 

 tolerably regular, but it is seldom met with at any distance from the sea-shore. It is some- 

 times found on the coasts of Denmark ; and Kjserbolling records several instances of its occur- 

 rence there. On the coast of Holland it is said to occur not unfrequently, especially after bad 

 weather; and stragglers, usually in immature dress, are met with in winter on the coasts of 

 Belgium and France; but M. Meezemacker, of Dunkerque, once obtained an adult bird there. 

 Mr. A. Lacroix says that he received a young bird from La Nouvelle, in Aude, in March 1859, 

 and adds that it is rarely seen on the coasts of the Pyrenees Orientales. It is included by 

 Professor Barboza du Bocage in his list of the birds of Portugal with a query ; and I find no 

 record of its occurrence on the coasts of Spain. It is stated by several naturalists to occur in 

 Italy ; but Count Salvadori points out that many of the Italian naturalists have confused it with 

 the Herring-Gull. There are, however, he says, two specimens in the Genoa Museum, said to 

 have been obtained in Liguria, which are undoubtedly referable to the present species. I do not 

 find any record of its occurrence in Greece or Turkey ; but Dr. A. Fritsch says that one killed in 

 Bohemia is in the Woboril collection, and he received a second alive from the vicinity of Beraun. 

 On the coast of Asia Minor it is also wanting ; and the only instance of its having been met with 

 in Africa that I find on record is that mentioned by Colonel Irby, who says (Orn. Str. Gibr. 

 p. 215) that it was once obtained by Favier near Tangier in immature plumage. It inhabits the 



