582 



Ad. ptil. Mem. pileo albo, conspicue nigro notato : dorso nigra, plumis late albo marginatis : uropygio fere 



omnino albo : alis et Cauda, sicut in ptilosi sestivali picturatis : corpore subtiis, gula, et gutture albis 



immaculatis. 



*• 

 Juv. pileo et nucha, cum collo postico nigro-fuscis : capitis et colli lateribus albis, saturate griseo-fusco notatis : 



alis et cauda sicut in adulto picturatis sed sordidioribus, macula alari nigro notata : corpore subtiis 



albo, pectore et hypochondriis vix nigro-fusco notatis. 



Adult Male in summer (Greenland) . Entire plumage deep black, except a white patch on the wings ; upper 

 parts glossed with a greenish lustre ; underparts with a sooty brownish black tinge ; central and larger 

 wing-coverts white, but black on the concealed base of the feather ; under wing-coverts and axillaries 

 white ; bill black ; legs rich vermilion-red with a coral tinge ; iris dark brown. Total length about 

 12 inches, culmen 1'4, wing 6'4, tail 2'2, tarsus 1"15. 



Adult Female (Greenland). Undistinguishable from the male in colour. 



Adult in ivinter (Orkneys). Crown white, strongly marked with black, the feathers being really black at 

 the base, but so broadly tipped with white as almost to hide the black colour ; back and rump black, 

 the feathers broadly margined with white, the rump nearly all white; wings and tail as in the summer; 

 rest of the plumage and entire underparts pure white. 



Young (Orkneys) . Crown and hind neck dull blackish brown ; sides of the head and of the neck white 

 marked with dark greyish brown ; upper parts blackish brown, slightly marked with white ; the wings 

 and tail as in the adult, but duller black, the white patch on the wing blotched with black ; nnderparts 

 white, the breast and flanks slightly marked with blackish brown. 



Nestling. Covered with sooty blackish down, uniform in colour. 



During the summer season the Black Guillemot inhabits the northern portions of both the 

 Palsearctic and Nearctic Regions, ranging southward during winter ; but it does not penetrate 

 very far south. In Great Britain it is resident, but is very rare during the breeding-season on 

 the English coasts, though it breeds not uncommonly on many parts of the coasts of Scotland. 

 Mr. A. G. More, in his notes on its breeding-range in Great Britain, says (Ibis, 1865, p. 450) : — 

 " In the time of Montagu a few pairs used to breed annually at Tenby ; and it is possible that 

 the bird is not yet extinct in this locality, as Mr. Tracy includes it in his list. Pennant mentions 

 Llandudno and Anglesea; and Mr. J. F. Crellin finds the Black Guillemot breeding in small 

 numbers in the Isle of Man. It breeds also on the east coast of Scotland, at St. Abb's Head 

 (Rev. J. Duns), on the Bass Rock ; on the Isle of May (Sir W. Jardine) ; at Stonehaven (Dr. J. A. 

 Smith) ; and is pretty generally distributed in the north and west of Scotland." It occurs on the 

 east coast of England in winter, but does not appear to breed there. Mr. Cordeaux says that it 

 is occasionally met with in the neighbourhood of Flamborough and along the Yorkshire coast 

 in the autumn, winter, and spring, and he has met with it there in mottled plumage as late as 

 the end of May. 



In Scotland, Mr. Robert Gray writes (B. of W. of Scotl. p. 427), it is " permanently resident, 

 and may be called a common species on the whole of the western coasts, including both groups 

 of islands. In the outer chain, or Long Island, the breeding-places are not so numerous as those 



