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It is said to be a regular visitant to the coasts of Ireland, remaining there from five to six 

 months, and leaving in the spring ; but Dr. Fleming mentions that he saw one off the coast of 

 Waterford as late as July. 



It is found in Iceland and Greenland, where it breeds regularly. Graah observed this bird 

 on the east coast of Greenland, though it breeds generally on the west side, more frequently, 

 however, in the south than in the north, where it is said to be rare. Professor Newton remarks 

 that it is not uncommon in Iceland, where a pair or so may be found breeding on nearly every 

 lake. They arrive in the north, according to Faber, the first week in May ; and towards the end 

 of August they begin to show themselves on the sea, where they remain during the winter. In 

 the Faeroes it is most frequently seen in spring and autumn, but is not known to breed there, 

 though stragglers are seen along the coasts during summer. In Norway it is tolerably common. 

 Mr. Collett informs me that it breeds on fresh water near the sea, from Sondmor up to within 

 the Arctic circle, but not in East Finmark, where it is said to occur only in the autumn. In the 

 autumn and winter it is seen on the northern and western coasts ; and though it is rare below 

 Lindesnses, it occurs on the fjords in the south of Norway, and has even been met with far up the 

 Christiania fjord. According to Nilsson it occurs on the southern coasts of Sweden in winter, 

 but is not known to breed in that country, nor yet in Finland, where it is very rarely found ; for 

 there appears to be but one instance of its occurrence in Finland proper, a specimen having been 

 shot early in the spring of 1832 at Maunu, in the Muonio elf. 



In Northern Russia it is rather rare than otherwise. It is found in the White Sea ; but I 

 have never received a specimen from there. Mr. Seebohm, however, heard from the natives of 

 its occurrence on the Petchora. Mr. Sabanaeff says that it is rare in Central Russia, and he only 

 once saw it near Moscow on passage ; and in Poland, also, according to Taczanowski, it is seldom 

 seen, and in the Warsaw Museum there is but one specimen, a young male, killed late in 

 November 1876 near that town. It but seldom occurs off the North-German coasts in winter; 

 and it is almost doubtful if it has ever really been obtained on the Baltic coast of that country. 

 Ratzeburg says that one (an immature bird) was shot near Neustadt, Ew.; but it is possible that 

 this was a Black-throated Diver. It visits the coasts of Denmark during winter, but, it would 

 appear, is not very often obtained there. Collin says that one was shot near Elsinore in the winter 

 of 1822 ; and it was procured at Krus Molle near Aabenraa, on Moen, in March 1825 (where 

 Hage has often seen it), at Gisselfeldt in January 1830, in the bay of Kiel, at Saeby, in Grenaa 

 Harbour in the winter of 1847, in Flensborg fjord in November 1840, in Kiel Harbour in March ; 

 and Boie states that it has been shot on the Elbe coast of Holstein. It very rarely straggles far 

 inland ; but Count Hans von Berlepsch states (J. f. O. 1875, p. 105) that a fine young bird was 

 shot on the Werra river near Gertenbach, in Hesse-Nassau, on the 28th November 1874. It 

 is of occasional and irregular occurrence off the coasts of Holland and Belgium in winter, and 

 has been seen on the inland lakes and on the Moselle. In France it is found on the northern 

 coasts in autumn and winter, especially after rough weather ; but on the shores of the Mediter- 

 ranean it is very seldom seen, and only in immature dress. Professor Barboza du Bocage records 

 it as being very rare in Portugal : and it may probably be found off the coast of Spain ; but I do 

 not find any record of a specimen having been procured. 



In Southern Europe and the Mediterranean subregion it becomes very rare. In Savoy 



