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immature birds visit the lakes almost every winter (and the same may be said respecting Italy), 

 but adult birds are very seldom seen. Mr. A. B. Brooke says that there is an immature example 

 in the Cagliari Museum which was obtained in Sardinia ; but it does not appear to have been 

 observed in Sicily. It is found in South Germany. Dr. Fritsch says that an old male was killed 

 near Hrensko, Bohemia, and immature birds were exposed for sale in the Prague market in 1846. 

 It has rarely occurred in Austria. Von Tschusi-Schmidhofen says that one was killed near 

 Onavitz (Avra Comitat) in November ; and Messrs. Danford and Harvie-Brown state that a few 

 visit Transylvania every winter. I do not find any record of its occurrence in Turkey; but 

 Von Nordmann notices the appearance of two young birds near Odessa. Dr. Kriiper does not 

 include it in his list as occurring in Greece or Asia Minor ; but Lord Lilford saw four Divers at 

 Butrinto, which he thinks may have been Great Northern Divers, but could not procure one. 

 Its occurrence on the southern side of the Mediterranean appears doubtful ; for Von Heuglin 

 and other authors on the ornithology of North-east Africa do not record its presence there ; and 

 Loche only states that specimens in immature dress have rarely been met with in Algeria. 

 Vernon Harcourt, however, includes it in his list as having been met with at Madeira. 



In Asia this Diver is found as far east as Japan. It has been met with on Novaya Zemlya. 

 Dr. Finsch observed it numerous in Western Siberia ; and Von MiddendorfF says that it nests, 

 though rarely, on the Taimyr. It does not range down to India ; nor does it seem to have been 

 found in China, though it is said to occur in Japan. 



The Great Northern Diver is very common in British North America and in the Northern 

 United States ; but it occurs in the Middle and Southern States only in winter. I found it 

 breeding on several lakes in New Brunswick, and used to see it in some numbers on the coasts 

 of the Bay of Fundy. Dr. Coues says that it is " generally dispersed in the United States in 

 winter;" and Mr. Merriam (B. of Conn. p. 136) says that it is a tolerably common winter resident 

 in Connecticut, arriving in October and leaving in April or May. According to Buell it has bred 

 at East Hampton in that State. That it ranges tolerably far south appears certain, from the fact 

 that when in Texas I had a specimen sent to me from Fort Stockton. In North-west America, 

 according to the American authors, the present species is replaced by Colymbus adawsi (Gray, 

 P. Z. S. 1859, p. 167), which in the immature dress cannot with certainty be distinguished from 

 Colymbus glacialis, but which in adult plumage has a yellow bill, and the white spots on the 

 upper parts are much larger. 



In habits the Great Northern Diver assimilates closely to Colymbus arcticus. I have 

 frequently seen it on the coasts of New Brunswick ; and when living in that province on the 

 Musquash I used, when summer logging on the large lakes of the Upper Musquash, to see these 

 Loons almost daily. A pair bred every year on the Big Lake, and another pair on a smaller 

 lake not far distant, besides which most of the larger lakes were tenanted by at least one pair 

 of these magnificent birds. Without being very shy, they were sufficiently wary to keep well 

 out of gunshot-range ; and I could only get close enough to observe them well by hiding in 

 the bushes near the shore, or on one of the small islands. I have tried to overtake them in a 

 canoe; but they always succeeded in tiring us out after a long and unsuccessful chase. At 

 night, when camping on the shores of the lake, their weird wailing cry sounded clear and loud 

 over the water ; and though to us, who were used to it, the sound was by no means so disagree- 



