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septentrionalis, yet it is common from Lindesnses and the Hvaloer up to the Varanger fiord. It 

 is chiefly met with in the interior, being far less common on the coast ; and it is most numerous 

 south of the Dovre, where it is scarcely ever wanting on any sheet of water from the level of the 

 sea to the birch-region. It passes the winter off the coast, and is resident along the entire coast 

 up to Finmark; and Pastor Sommerfelt says that in the winter of 1858-59 several were seen at 

 Karlebotten, in East Finmark. Nilsson says that it is found throughout Sweden, from Northern 

 Skane and Smaland to the high north of Lapland during the summer, but is generally seen on 

 inland water; and in Southern Sweden it is met with also during the winter. According to 

 Dr. Palmen (Finl. Fogl. ii. p. 640) it is found throughout Finland, but is more numerous in the 

 north. It does not breed, however, on the islands off the coast, where it is met with in the 

 spring and autumn. Mr. Brenner obtained it at Ponoj ; and Sahlberg and Malmberg found it 

 numerous in the southern portion of the Lapland peninsula. In the northern portion of Fin- 

 Lapland it is common on the lakes, as also in Enontekis ; but it is less numerous in Kuusamo, 

 Pudasjarvi, and Kajana, though it is by no means uncommon near Uleaborg. Boden states that 

 he rarely obtains it near Wasa ; and Alcenius records it from the central portion of the coast of 

 Osterbotten. It occurs on the lakes near Kuopio, but is not numerous ; and this is generally the 

 case throughout Southern Finland ; but it is stated to be more numerous at Nyslott, Bjorneborg, 

 and in the valley of the Kumo river. It arrives on the coast of Southern Finland as soon as the 

 ice breaks up, late in April or early in May, or sometimes earlier, but does not appear in Northern 

 Finland until late in May or early in June. From the interior it migrates early, usually in August, 

 but remains longer on the coast. To the above information obtained from Dr. Palmen' s work I 

 can add but little, except that I found it breeding near Uleaborg, where, however, it was much 

 less numerous than the Eed-throated Diver. Mr. Sabanaeff says that it breeds on many of the 

 lakes in the Governments of Jaroslaf, Tver, Vladimir, and in the northern portion of the Moscow 

 Government. In South-east Russia it ranges very far south ; and northward throughout the Perm 

 Government it is generally distributed, and is very numerous on the lakes. Messrs. Harvie-Brown 

 and Seebohm first observed it at Habariki, on the Petchora, on the 2nd June, and afterwards met 

 with it abundantly both on the islands and on the tundra as far as Dvoinik, generally in pairs, 

 and never in large flocks, as observed by Alston and Harvie-Brown on the Dvina. The present 

 species visits the coasts of Germany regularly during the winter, and is not uncommon ; but on 

 fresh water it is, comparatively speaking, rare. There is, however, no doubt that it breeds on 

 some of the lakes of Pomerania and Prussia. Boeck has obtained it in full summer dress ; Hintz has 

 found its nest several years in succession ; and Wiese states that it breeds at Biitow, and probably 

 also in East Prussia. In Denmark, Kjserbdlling says, it occurs now and then on the coasts, but 

 it does not appear to be a common visitant. It occurs on the coast of Holland during the winter 

 season, and is sometimes met with on inland sheets of water ; but it is only a rare and accidental 

 visitant to the coast of Belgium ; and though somewhat more abundant on the French coasts, yet 

 Messrs. Degland and Gerbe only cite one instance of the occurrence of a female in full plumage. 

 Professor Barboza du Bocage states that it is of very rare occurrence in Portugal ; but I do not 

 find any record of its occurrence in Spain. In Italy it is, Count Salvadori writes, the rarest of 

 the family, and seldom occurs, even in winter, beyond the lakes of Como and Garda. It has 

 been recorded from Liguria by Durazzo, and from Tuscany by Savi ; but south of that it does not 



