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East Riding, where lie has seen both old and young birds in July. In Northumberland and 

 Durham, Mr. Hancock writes (B. of Northumb. & Durh. p. 160), it is " a winter visitant, rare. 

 A specimen, in complete summer plumage, in my collection, was shot in Easter week 1860, at 

 the mouth of the Tyne. Several individuals have occurred in the district; but they are all 

 immature or in winter dress." 



In Scotland this Grebe is but rare. Mr. Robert Gray writes (B. of W. of Scotl. p. 405) : — 

 " The Great Crested Grebe has come less frequently under my notice in the west of Scotland 

 than any of the other Grebes. I have, indeed, seen but one recent specimen for some years. 

 Mr. Elwes informs me that he has observed it once or twice on Loch Indaal, Islay. It has been 

 more frequently obtained on the east coast, and may be said to be a well-known visitor in the 

 winter season to the larger estuaries. On the Forth it has been repeatedly captured : one was 

 taken as far inland as Stirling. At Dunbar it has also occurred ; and on the river Tyne, near 

 that town, specimens have been several times procured. Some of our bird-stuffers seem not to 

 be able to distinguish between this and the next-mentioned species. During the past winter 

 two or three Red-necked Grebes were shown to me both in Edinburgh and Glasgow as specimens 

 of the Great Crested Grebe : the latter, however, may always be easily recognized by its more 

 slender bill, and having the base of the under mandible of a carmine colour; in the former 

 species the colour is yellow." Messrs. Baikie and Heddle do not include it in their ' Historia 

 Naturalis Orcadensis ;' but, according to Edmondston, it occasionally visits Shetland, where, also, 

 Dr. Saxby saw it on the 14th March 1871, on the loch of Watley. 



In Ireland, Mr. Thompson states, it is only occasionally obtained, chiefly in the winter, on 

 the sea and freshwater lakes, on some of which latter it breeds annually. Although, next to the 

 Little Grebe, this species is the most common of the genus, its numbers are very limited, and it 

 is but seldom obtained, except during very severe winters. 



It does not occur either in Iceland or Greenland, and has been but once recorded from the 

 Fseroes, where, according to Reinhardt, a young bird was shot in 1863. In Norway, Mr. Collett 

 informs me, it occurs but rarely, and at long intervals; and one was caught in a fishing-net at 

 Gulosen, near Trondhjem, in lat. 63° N., in November 1871, above which it has not been 

 recorded. It is a summer resident in Sweden, arriving in April and leaving in October. It is 

 distributed throughout Southern and Central Sweden, up at least as far north as Ostergothland ; 

 but Nilsson cannot say how far north it ranges. It is most numerous on the southern lakes of 

 Skane — such as the Yddinge, Borringe, and Fjalltofta lakes; and during passage it is often seen 

 on the sea. According to Dr. Palmen it breeds not uncommonly along the southern coasts of 

 Finland, but is rare in the interior up to Central Savolax. It breeds in the Kyrkslatt, Esbo, 



o ° 



Helsingfors, and Perno districts, and commonly near Abo. Bergstrand records it from Aland ; 

 but it is uncertain how far it ranges up to the west of Finland ; Alcenius, however, met with it 

 near Wasa in 1873. As above stated, it is of rare occurrence in the interior ; but Aschan found 

 it breeding in some localities in Leppavirta, in Savolax ; and a little north of that it is met with 

 as a somewhat rare straggler. It arrives in Southern Finland late in April or early in May, and 

 remains at least into October. Sabanaeff says that it occurs throughout Central Russia, but is 

 less numerous in the southern portions of the Perm Government than elsewhere. In some parts 

 of the Ural it is numerous, and breeds by hundreds, the nests being often near together. 



