TURDUS ALPESTEIS. 



(ALPINE RING-OUSEL.) 



Merula alpestris, C. L. Brehm, Isis, 1828, p. 1281 (nom. nud.). 



Merula alpestris, id. Handb. Vog. Deutschl. p. 377 (desc. princeps) (1831). 



Merula vociferans, L. Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, p. 281 (nom. nud.). 



Merula maculata, id. ut supra (nom. nud.). 



Merula insignis, L. Brehm, J. f. O. 1856, p. 446 (nom. nud.). 



Turdus alpestris (Brehm), Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, pp. 365-373. 



Merula torquata, var. alpestris, Tschusi zu Schmidh. Schwalbe, xii. p. 70 (1888). 



Merula torquata alpestris, Seebohm, Ibis, 1888, p. 310. 



Turdus torquatus alpestris, Prazak, Schwalbe, xvii. p. 68 (1893). 



Figura? notabiles. 

 Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. Taf. 361. fig. 3 (juv.) ; Dresser, B. of Eur. pi. 15 ( 6 5 )■ 



J 1 ad. ast. corpore supra fusco-nigro, plumis pallidiore anguste marginatis, remigibus in pogonio externo et 

 tectricibus alarum majoribus conspicue albido marginatis : torque pectorali albo : corpore reliquo 

 subtus fusco-nigro, plumis conspicue albo marginatis et centraliter albo notatis : rostro aurantiaco, ad 

 basin fusco : pedibus f usco-corneis : iride fusca. 



? ad. ast. magis fusco colorata, gulae plumis magis albido marginatis et torque pectorali sordide albo, plumis 

 pallide fusco anguste marginatis : rostro flavo, culmine et mandibula versus apicem corneis. 



<J ad. Mem. similis ptilosi sestiva?, sed obscurior, plumis in corpore supra magis fusco marginatis: torque 

 pectorali vix fusco lavato. 



? ad. Mem. similis ptilosi sestivae, sed magis fusco colorata, dorsi plumis magis conspicue marginatis. 



Adult Male in breeding plumage (Hatszeg, Hungary, May 3rd). Upper parts generally brownish black, the 

 feathers narrowly margined with lighter brown ; quills externally margined with greyish white, the 

 wing-coverts similarly but more broadly margined ; chin and throat-feathers blackish, narrowly margined 

 with white; pectoral gorget white; rest of the underparts blackish, the feathers broadly margined 

 with white and having a large white median patch; under wing-coverts and axillaries nearly pure 

 white: bill orange-yellow, brown at the base and tip of the upper mandible; feet horn-brown; iris 

 dark brown. Total length about 10 inches, culmen LO, wing 5 - 4, tail 4"1, tarsus 1*3. 



Adult Female in breeding plumage (Hatszeg, Hungary, April). Differs from the male in the general tone of 

 colour of the plumage, the upper parts being dark hair-brown and not brownish black, and the under- 

 parts dark hrown ; the feathers on the throat are rather more broadly margined with white, and the 

 gorget dull white, most of the feathers with pale brown margins : bill yellow, the base of the upper 

 and the tips of both mandibles horn-brown. 



c 



