20 



c. Cinclus minor, Tristr., resembles C. pyrenaicus, but is rather more rufous on the underparts, and has 



a narrow dull rufous band bordering the white. Culmen 0'8o inch, wing 3'2, tail 2"0, tarsus 1*15.- — ■ 

 Hab. Atlas Mountains. 



d. Cinclus albicollis (Vieill.) resembles C. aquaticus, but has the upper parts paler, and the breast much 



brighter rufous, this colour extending on to the abdomen. Culmen 0"85 to 09 inch, wing 3'2 to 3'45, 

 tail 2'0 to 2 - 4, tarsus l'lo to ] .'27. — Hab. Switzerland, Savoy, and Southern Europe as far east as 

 Greece and Turkey. 



e. Cinclus rufiventris, Hempr. & Ehr., resembles C. albicollis, but has the abdomen rufous brown, and the 



brown on the upper parts extends down to the interscapulary region without squamations as in 

 C. cashmiriensis. Culmen 0'87 inch, wing 3 - 15, tail 2"1, tarsus 1"15. — Hab. Palestine. 



/. Cinclus cashmiriensis, Gould. Upper parts as in C. melanog aster, but rather paler, the brown extending 

 over the interscapulary region, the squamations or semilunar markings commencing only below that 

 part ; underparts rather paler than in C. melanogaster , and the flanks less grey. Culmen 08 to 0'9 

 inch, wing 3 - 25 to 3 - 9, tail 1*8 to 2 - 5, tarsus 1*0 to 1"25. — Hab. as above. 



g. Cinclus baicalensis, Dresser, differs from C. cashmiriensis in having the upper parts of a peculiar velvety 

 mouse-brown colour, the head and neck paler than the back, the entire upper parts down to the rump 

 mouse-brown, unsquamated, the lower rump and upper tail-coverts only being squamated or marked 

 with semilunar bars, and the dark portions of the underparts dull dark earth-brown. Culmen - 8 to 

 09 inch, wing 3'2 to 3'6, tail 20 to 2T, tarsus 1*1 to 1"15. — Hab. Siberia, in the Baikal district. 



/;. Cinclus leucogaster, Bp., differs from Cinclus baicalensis in having the head and neck paler, and the 

 underparts down to the vent white, excepting the flanks, which are brown. Culmen 0"8 to 0'9 inch, 

 wing 3 - 25 to 3'85, tail 2 - to 24, tarsus l'l to l - 25. — Hab. Altai range, Turkestan, Mongolia, and the 

 countries north of Kashmir, ranging into the Baikal district. 



Since I wrote the above-cited article I have received specimens of the Dipper which the 

 Russian ornithologists call Cinclus sordidus, and have had an opportunity of comparing them 

 with Gould's type, from which I find they differ considerably, and cannot possibly be referred to 

 that species. These specimens, obtained near Irkutsk, and at Tunka, in the Baikal district, 

 differ from C. baicalensis only in having the white throat and breast obscured with brown, 

 whereas true C. sordidus has the head and neck deep chocolate-brown, the rest of .the upper 

 parts dull dark blackish brown with a slaty tinge, the throat and breast dull rufous buff, and 

 the rest of the underparts dull dark umber-brown. I consider this Dipper to be a form of 

 C. melanogaster, and may be included as (i), Cinclus saturatus. 



In general habits and mode of nidification there appears to be no difference between Cinclus 

 cashmiriensis and Cinclus aquaticus, and its nest and eggs are also stated to be indistinguishable 

 from those of our western bird. 



As the differences between the present species and Cinclus melanogaster are easily perceived, 

 I have not deemed it necessary to give an illustration of C. cashmiriensis. 



The specimens described are in my own collection. 



In the preparation of the above article I have examined the following specimens : — 



E Mus. H. E. Dresser. 



a, <J ad., b, ? ad. Zebil Taurus, Asia Minor, January 10th and 21st, 1876 (C. G. Danford). c, S . 

 Osmanzeeh, Asia Minor, January 23th, 1879 (C. G. Danford). d, $, e, ? juv. Kuban Caucasus, 



