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Fischer (J. f. O. 1879, p. 337) obtained it at Mambrui, East Africa, in June, and Emin Pasha 

 at Bukoba in January, and Muhalala, Ugogo, in the interior in July. It is also found in 

 Madagascar, and, according to Grandidier, occurs there on both the east and west coasts, and in 

 Mr. Seebohm's collection there are specimens obtained in the Cape Verd Islands. 



In general habits Kittlitz's Plover is said to more nearly resemble the Lesser Ring-Plover 

 than any other allied species. During the breeding-season, according to Mr. Ayres, it is found 

 in pairs frequenting stony and tussocky ground where vegetation is scanty, and generally at no 

 great distance from water ; and in the winter it is seen singly or in small parties, occasionally in 

 company with other allied forms, on sand islands, the sea-coast, on flats or dunes, and on river- 

 banks, but less frequently on the banks of canals or lakes ; but Mr. Ayres remarks that he found 

 them frequenting mud-flats in the Transvaal. Its flight resembles that of the Lesser Ring-Plover, 

 and it runs with great swiftness, stopping suddenly every now and again, bobbing its head, as 

 many of the Plovers do. According to von Heuglin its food consists of larvae, worms, flies, and 

 small beetles which live in the damp sand ; and Mr. Ayres says that the stomachs of a pair he 

 shot contained insects, principally a species of white ant. According to Dr. Sharpe (Layard's 

 B. of S. Afr. 2nd ed. p. 661), " it breeds on the Berg River in September. The eggs are laid in 

 a little depression in the dry mud, which is heaped up a little round them. The eggs are olive- 

 brown, profusely and confusedly marked with fine lines and spots of black throughout ; axis 1" 2'", 

 diameter 10'". On leaving the nest the female, with a few rapid motions of her feet, covers the 

 eggs with mud, and runs to some distance before taking wing. When driving in a troop of fifty 

 or one hundred mares Mr. Kotze often discovered their nests by the courageous little bird facing 

 the whole troop, napping her wings, and assuming a threatening attitude ; the galloping mares 

 would divide right and left, and avoid the small atom, and thus she preserved her nest." 



The adult in breeding-plumage, figured and described, was obtained in Nubia by Hemprich 

 and Ehrenberg, and is in my own collection, and the adult in winter and young in down described 

 are in the collection of Canon Tristram. 



In the preparation of the above article I have examined, besides those in the British 

 Museum, the following specimens : — 



E Mus. H. E. Dresser, 

 a, ad. Nubia; b, ? ad. Nubia, April {Hemprich §• Ehrenberg). c, ? . Egypt {Rogers). 



E Mus. H. B. Tristram. 



a. Lower Nile, 1864 {E. Cavendish Taylor), b. Gow on the Nile, March 8th, 1875 (/. H. Gurnet/), 

 c. Fantee {Swauzy). d } pull. S. Africa {Sir A. Smith, Jardine coll.). e. Transvaal {Ayres). 

 f. Potchefstroom, Transvaal, September 4th, 1879 {Ayres). g. Cape of Good Hope {Dr. Dyer Jardine 

 coll.). h, ? . Knysna, December 5th, 1865 (C. /. Andersson). i, ? . Chnti, Madagascar (Last). 



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