NOTES ON SPECIES 



WHICH HAVE BEEN RECORDED AS HAVING OCCURRED IN EUROPE, 



BUT AEE NOT INCLUDED IN THE PRESENT WORK. 



With regard to the question as to which species should be included and which discarded, I have 

 often found it far from easy to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion, especially so far as stragglers 

 to the borders of the region are concerned. My rule has been to include such species as have 

 undoubtedly been obtained on at least two occasions, but to avoid including, if possible, such as 

 belong to strictly non-Palaearctic genera, and for that reason I have excluded the Jordan Valley, 

 as its fauna is essentially Ethiopian ; and though I have been strongly urged to include the whole 

 of Lower Egypt in the Western Palaearctic area, I have deemed it best not to do so, and have 

 omitted such species as Bhynchcea capensis, Centropus cegyptius, and Ehynchops flavirostris, which 

 have been met with as far north as the Nile Delta, as belonging to genera which are in no sense 

 Palsearctic. There are many species which have been included by different authors on European 

 ornithology which I have omitted, chiefly because they have been admitted on insufficient grounds, 

 and of these I give the following list. 



Turdus pallidus, Gm., is stated by Temminck (Man. d'Orn. iii. p. 98) to have been obtained 

 in September 1823 near Herzberg in Saxony, and by Bonelli and Gene it has been recorded from 

 near Turin ; but it is doubtful if these were T. pallidas or T. obscurus. The figure in Gould's 

 B. of Eur. ii. pi. lxxx. certainly represents Turdus jpallidios. 



Turdus olimceus, Linn., is included by Degland and Gerbe, who say that, according to 

 Prof. De Filippi, large numbers appeared at Polavina, in the Province of Brescia, in 1843 ; 

 but later authorities on Italian ornithology do not admit this South-African Thrush ; and 

 Count Salvadori (Fauna dTtalia, Uccelli, p. 80) gives good reasons for discarding it. 



Turdus migratorius, Linn. — A specimen is said (Zool. 1877, p. 14) to have been taken alive 

 off Dover in April or May 1876 ; and it is included by Naumann (Vog. Deutschl. xiii. p. 336) as 

 having been offered for sale on more than one occasion in the Vienna market. Mr. Gatke also 

 records the occurrence of one on Heligoland on the 14th October, 1874. It is, however, a bird 

 that is often kept in confinement, and the specimens obtained were probably escaped birds. It 

 is a common North-American bird. 



Oreocincla dauma (Lath.) is included by Prof. Giglioli (Avif. Ital. p. 103) on the strength 

 of a specimen in the museum labelled as 0. varia, and said to have been killed near Vado 

 (Savona) in the autumn of 1854, but he puts it amongst the doubtful species. According to 

 Gatke (Die Vogelwarte Helgoland, p. 245) a specimen now in the Lund Museum was obtained 

 through the dealer Brandt of Hamburg, who gave Fuhnen as the locality; but Brandt subse- 



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