423 



unlikely that this Goose, which inhabits India and Central Asia, should have strayed so far 

 west. Foreign waterfowl are so largely kept in confinement that escaped birds are not unfre- 

 quently shot, and it is therefore necessary to use the greatest caution in accepting records of 

 non-European species. 



Bernicla canagica (Sewast). — The late M. E. Verreaux recorded two specimens, stated to 

 have been obtained on the Volga, but this I greatly doubt. This Goose inhabits North-east Asia 

 and the coast of Alaska. 



Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. — One was stated to have been obtained from an Edinburgh 

 poulterer by Macgillivray in February 1841, but it has not been otherwise recorded as having 

 occurred in Europe. 



Cygnus buccinator, Richardson. — Four were said to have been shot at Aldeburgh, Suffolk, 

 in October 1866, but it is probable that they were wrongly identified. 



Cairina moschata (Linn.) is also included in the ' Ibis ' list ; but as this South-American 

 Duck is commonly found here domesticated, it is doubtful if any but escaped birds have been 

 obtained. 



Dendrocygna javanica (Horsf.). — Professor Giglioli (Avif. Italica, p. 301) includes this Tree- 

 Duck, as a specimen was obtained in the Turin market on the 3rd December, 1876, but I cannot 

 believe that the bird was a wild one. 



2Ex sponsa (Linn.). — This common North-American Duck is also included in the ' Ibis ' 

 list ; but any specimens obtained here were almost certainly birds escaped from confinement. 



Querquedula discors (Linn.) and Querquedula carolinensis (Gmel.). — I have given my reasons 

 for not including these two species (antea, p. 292). 



Fuligula collaris (Donov.). — One is stated by Donovan (Brit. Birds, vi. pi. cxlvii.) to have 

 been obtained in Leadenhall Market in January 1801. 



Fuligula affinis, Eyton.' — According to Thompson (Nat. Hist. Ireland, Birds, iii. p. 140) 

 one was obtained in the London market many years ago, but it appears that an error w 7 as made 

 in the determination of the species. It is also said to have been once obtained in Holland. This 

 and the preceding species inhabit North America. 



Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.). — Five of these Pigeons are stated to have been obtained in 

 Great Britain, but it is extremely doubtful if any were wild specimens. It was until recently a 

 common species in North America, but is fast disappearing, and will probably ere long be almost 

 extinct. 



Ortyx virginianus (Linn.). — The Virginian Quail has been introduced into England by several 

 game-preservers, but has wholly failed in establishing itself here. 



Porzana Carolina (Linn.). — One of this common North-American Eail is recorded by 

 Prof. Newton (P. Z. S. 1865, p. 196) as having occurred on the Kennet, Berkshire, in October 



1864. 



