found here, may still be used throughout Northern Minnesota 

 in the mixed woods. 



Each tree was measured as it lay on the ground where cut, 

 the measurements taken being the diameter of the tree at breast 

 height when standing, the length of each log and its diameter 

 inside the bark at the small end ; and the volume of all the logs 

 in each tree was determined from Scribner's Rule. The trees 

 were then classified according to the diameter breast high, and 

 the volume of the average sized tree in each class obtained by 

 dividing the total volume of that class by the number of trees. 

 These average volumes were then plotted in curves for each spe- 

 cies, and irregularities eliminated and deficiencies supplied in the 

 following tables made from the curves. The tables are not per- 

 fect — a perfect one is an impossibility, for the accidents of life 

 are more numerous and varied than the definite conditions of 

 growth — but the practicability of even approximate tables is evi- 

 dent. 



It was not convenient to measure the height of each tree, as 

 often they were cut down by the workmen, trimmed, sawed mto 

 logs, and the slash and tops thrown into heaps for burning before 

 I could get around to make the measurements. A table made to 

 show merchantable contents in relation to both diameter and 

 height of tree would have been valuable and interesting, but my 

 figures will apply to average trees, and a few feet more or less 

 in the length of the tree would not vary the top diameter an inch, 

 nor move the five-inch limit up or down more than a foot or two. 



The table for pine may be found suitable for the scattered 

 timber growing in mixture with other trees here, but may not be 

 applicable to the pine in groves of pure stand where the trees 

 grow tall and straight with well-formed stems. For such pine 

 a special table should be prepared. 



